垂直

すいちょく

vertical, perpendicular

JLPT N2

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"垂直" (chuízhí) primarily means "perpendicular" or "vertical," describing something standing upright or at a right angle to a surface. It is often used in technical, architectural, and scientific contexts to specify exact orientation.

Common Contexts

You will frequently see "垂直" used when discussing construction, geometry, or measurements, such as walls, lines, or objects that must be perfectly upright or at right angles. It also appears in organizational contexts to describe hierarchical structures, emphasizing direct top-down relationships.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 垂直线 (vertical line): used in geometry or drawing.
  • 垂直 (perpendicular to): a common phrase to indicate one object is perpendicular to another.
  • 垂直管理 (vertical management): describes a hierarchical management style.

Usage Notes

When using "垂直," it often implies precision and correctness in orientation. It contrasts with "水平" (horizontal). Avoid confusing "垂直" with "," which means "upright" but is more about posture or stance rather than strict perpendicularity. "垂直" is more formal and technical, suitable for academic or professional contexts.

Example Sentences

The walls of this building are completely vertical, without any tilt.

Please make sure the line is perpendicular to the ground to ensure accurate

In modern companies, a vertical management structure emphasizes direct