国語こくごnational language国籍こくせきnationality黒板こくばんblackboard克服こくふくconquest, overcome国民こくみんnational, people, citizen穀物こくもつgrain, cereal, corn腰こしhip, waist胡椒こしょうpepper個人こじんindividual, private person越すこすto go over (e.g., with audience)超すこすto cross, to pass, to tide over国家こっかstate, country, nation国会こっかいNational Diet, parliament, congress国境こっきょうnational or state border骨折こっせつbone fracture小包こづつみparcel, package琴ことJapanese harp異なることなるto differ, to vary諺ことわざproverb, saying断ることわるto refuse, to decline, to dismiss粉こなflour, powder好みこのみliking, taste, choice好むこのむto like, to preferこぼすこぼすto spillこぼれるこぼれるto overflow, to spill塵ごみgarbage, litter小麦こむぎwheatごめんなさいごめんなさいI beg your pardon, excuse me, I'm sorry小屋こやhut, cabin, shedこれらこれらthese殺すころすto kill転ぶころぶto fall down, to fall over今回こんかいnow, this time, lately今後こんごfrom now on, hereafter混雑こんざつconfusion, congestionこんなにこんなにso, like this, in this way困難こんなんdifficulty, distress今日こんにちtoday, this dayこんにちはこんにちはhello, good day (daytime greeting)婚約こんやくengagement, betrothal混乱こんらんchaos, confusion, mayhem差さdifference, variationサービスサービスservice, support system際さいon the occasion of, circumstances最高さいこうhighest, supreme, the most財産ざいさんproperty, fortune, assets最終さいしゅうlast, closing最中さいちゅうin the middle of最低さいていleast, lowest, worst才能さいのうtalent, ability裁判さいばんtrial, judgment材料ざいりょうingredients, material幸いさいわいfortunatelyサインサインautograph境さかいborder, boundary, mental state逆らうさからうto go against, to oppose, to disobey盛りさかりhelping, serving作業さぎょうwork, operation, manufacturing裂くさくto tear, to split昨さくlast (year), yesterday作品さくひんwork, opus, production作物さくもつproduce (e.g., agricultural), crops桜さくらcherry blossom, cherry tree酒さけalcohol, sake叫ぶさけぶto shout, to cry避けるさけるto avoid (physical contact)支えるささえるsupport, hold, sustain刺さるささるto stick, to be stuck刺すさすto sting, to bite (e.g., bug), to prick, to stab指すさすto point,挿すさすto insert, to put in, to graft注すさすto pour (drink), to serve (drinks)射すさすto shine, to strike座席ざせきseat誘うさそうto invite (someone to do something with you)札さつbill, note作家さっかauthor, writer, novelist作曲さっきょくcomposition (of music)ざっとざっとroughly, in round numbersさっぱりさっぱりfeeling refreshed, neatさてさてwell砂漠さばくdesert差別さべつdiscrimination, differentiationママママMama豆まめbeans, peas守るまもるto protect迷うまようto be puzzled, to be perplexed, to lose one's way丸まるcircle, full (month)まるでまるでjust like万一まんいちby some chance, if by any chance満足まんぞくsatisfaction身みbody, main part実みfruit, seed, good result見送りみおくりseeing one off味方みかたally, supporter見事みごとsplendid, magnificentミスミスmiss (mistake, error, failure), Miss満ちるみちるto be full, to mature密みつthick, close認めるみとめるto recognize, to notice見舞いみまいexpression of sympathy, expression of concern土産みやげsouvenir都みやこcity妙みょうstrange, unusual明後日みょうごにちday after tomorrow未来みらいfuture (life tense)魅力みりょくcharm, fascination, appeal診るみるto examine (a patient)ミルクミルクmilk無むnothing, naught, zero向かいむかいfacing, opposite, across迎えむかえmeeting, person sent to pick up an arrival向くむくto face剥くむくto peel, to skin向けるむけるto turn towards, to point無視むしdisregard, ignore蒸し暑いむしあついhumid, sultry虫歯むしばcavity, tooth decay寧ろむしろrather, better, instead蒸すむすto steam, to poultice, to be sultry結ぶむすぶto tie, to bind, to link無駄むだfutility, uselessness夢中むちゅうcrush, crazy, be hooked on胸むねbreast, chest無料むりょうfree, no charge芽めsprout明確めいかくclear, definite名刺めいし(name) card名詞めいしnoun命じるめいじるto order, to command, to appoint名人めいじんmaster, expert命令めいれいorder, command, decree迷惑めいわくtrouble, bother, annoyance目上めうえperson of higher status飯めしmeals, food滅多にめったにrarely (with neg. verb), seldomメモメモmemorandum, note面めんface, mug, surface, side or facet, corner, page綿めんcotton免許めんきょlicense, permit, certificate面接めんせつinterview面倒めんどうtrouble, attentionメンバーメンバーmember申し込むもうしこむto apply for, to make an application申し訳もうしわけapology, excuse毛布もうふblanket燃えるもえるto burn目的もくてきpurpose, goal, aim目標もくひょうmark, objective, target文字もじletter (of alphabet), characterもしかするともしかするとperhaps, maybe, by some chanceもしももしもif持ち上げるもちあげるto raise, to lift up, to flatter用いるもちいるto use, to make use ofもったいないもったいないwasteful尤ももっともquite right, plausible, natural元もとorigin, original基もとbasis素もとprime戻すもどすto restore, to put back, to return基づくもとづくto be grounded on, to be based on求めるもとめるto request, to ask for者ものperson (same as 人 (ひと))物音ものおとsounds物語ものがたりtale, story, legend物事ものごとthings, everything燃やすもやすto burn模様もようpattern, figure, design文句もんくa complaintやがてやがてbefore long, soon, at length役やくrole, position約やくapproximately, about, some訳やくtranslation訳すやくすto translate役割やくわりassigning (allotment of) parts, role, duties家賃やちんrent厄介やっかいtrouble, burden, care宿やどinn, lodging雇うやとうto employ, to hire屋根やねroof破るやぶるto tear破れるやぶれるto get torn, to wear out辞めるやめるto retireややややa little, partially, somewhat唯一ゆいいつonly, sole, unique勇気ゆうきcourage, bravery, boldness友好ゆうこうfriendship有効ゆうこうvalid, effectual優秀ゆうしゅうsuperiority, excellence優勝ゆうしょうoverall victory, championship友情ゆうじょうfriendship, fellowship友人ゆうじんfriend (formal)有能ゆうのうable, capable, efficient郵便ゆうびんmail, postal serviceユーモアユーモアhumor有利ゆうりadvantageous, better床ゆかfloor愉快ゆかいpleasant, happy譲るゆずるto turn over, to assign, to hand over豊かゆたかabundant, wealthy, plentiful, rich茹でるゆでるto boil許すゆるすto permit, to allow, to approve夜よevening, night夜明けよあけdawn, daybreak酔うようto get drunk容易よういeasy, simple, plain容器ようきcontainer, vessel陽気ようきseason, weather, cheerfulness要求ようきゅうrequest, demand用心ようじんcare, precaution, caution様子ようすaspect, state, appearance要するにようするにin a word, after all, in short …要素ようそelement要点ようてんgist, main point曜日ようびday of the weekヨーロッパヨーロッパEurope予期よきexpectation, forecast横切るよこぎるto cross (e.g., arms), to traverse汚すよごすto pollute, to make dirty予算よさんestimate, budget