表面

ひょうめん

surface, outside, face

JLPT N3

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"表面" primarily refers to the outermost layer or the visible exterior of an object, such as the surface of a stone or a table. It can also be used metaphorically to describe appearances or outward impressions, especially when contrasting with inner reality or true feelings.

Common Collocations

  • 表面光滑 (smooth surface): describing texture
  • 表面现象 (surface phenomenon): used in abstract or scientific contexts
  • 表面 (on the surface): often used to indicate appearances that may be deceptive

Usage Notes

When using 表面 to describe appearances, it often implies that what is visible may not fully represent the underlying truth. This word is common in both everyday and formal contexts. Avoid confusing 表面 with (inside) or 本质 (essence), which refer to inner parts or true nature.

Register and Tone

表面 is neutral and widely used in spoken and written Chinese. It fits well in scientific descriptions, daily conversations, and literary contexts.

Example Sentences

The surface of this stone is very smooth.

He looks confident on the surface, but inside he is actually very nervous.

Surface phenomena often cannot reflect the essence of things.