善良

ぜんりょう

goodness, excellence, virtue

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

The word 善良 (ぜんりょう) refers to goodness or virtue, often describing a person's moral character or nature. It is a formal and somewhat literary term used to praise someone's kind and ethical qualities.

Common Contexts

善良 is frequently used to describe people who are kind-hearted, honest, and morally upright. It is common in written language, such as essays, news articles, or formal speech, rather than casual conversation.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 善良な人 (ぜんりょうなひと): a good-natured person
  • 善良な市民 (ぜんりょうなしみん): a good citizen
  • 善良な心 (ぜんりょうなこころ): a good heart

These collocations emphasize moral goodness and kindness.

Nuances and Tips

When using 善良, the speaker implies a deep respect for the person's ethical qualities. It is not used for superficial kindness but for genuine virtue. Avoid confusing 善良 with just "nice" or "friendly"; it carries a stronger moral connotation.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse 善良 with 善意 (ぜんい), which means "goodwill" or "benevolence." 善良 focuses on character, while 善意 focuses on intention or attitude. Use 善良 when emphasizing someone's overall moral goodness.

Example Sentences

かれはとてもぜんりょうなひとで、だれにでもしんせつにせっします。

He is a very good-natured person and treats everyone kindly.

ぜんりょうなしみんとして、ちいきのせいそうかつどうにさんかしています。

As a good citizen, I participate in local cleaning activities.

ぜんりょうなこころをもつことは、にんげんかんけいをよくするきほんです。

Having a good heart is fundamental to improving human relationships.