残酷

ざんこく

cruelty, harshness

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"残酷" (cán kù) is an adjective meaning "cruel" or "merciless." It describes actions, events, or realities that are harsh, brutal, or lacking compassion. It is often used in serious contexts such as war, punishment, or harsh treatment.

Common Collocations

  • 残酷现实 (cruel reality): emphasizes harsh truths that are difficult to accept.
  • 残酷 (cruel methods): refers to ruthless or harsh ways to achieve something.
  • 残酷战争 (cruel war): highlights the brutal nature of conflict.

Usage Notes

When using "残酷," speakers often imply a strong negative judgment about the lack of kindness or mercy. It is more intense than words like "严厉" (strict) and usually refers to emotional or physical suffering. Avoid using it for minor inconveniences or mild criticism.

Common Confusion

"残酷" should not be confused with "" alone, which can mean "cool" or "severe" depending on context. "残酷" specifically conveys cruelty and harshness, not just severity.

Example Sentences

Many cruel things happened during the war.

He used cruel methods to achieve his goal.

The cruel reality forced her to change her plan.