故障

こしょうする

breakdown

JLPT N4

Character Breakdown

Understanding 故障 (こしょう)

The word 故障 (こしょう) refers to a breakdown or malfunction, typically of machines, devices, or equipment. It is commonly used in everyday conversation when something mechanical or electronic stops working properly.

Usage and Nuance

故障 is a noun, but it is often used with the verb する to form the verb phrase 故障する, meaning "to break down" or "to malfunction." This phrase is very common when talking about cars, computers, appliances, and other devices.

Common Collocations

  • 故障する: to break down or malfunction
  • 故障中: currently broken or out of order
  • 故障箇所: the part that is broken
  • 故障原因: cause of the breakdown

Register and Politeness

This word is neutral and appropriate for both casual and formal contexts. It is frequently used in service situations, such as when reporting a problem or requesting repairs.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse 故障 with 病気 (illness) or 失敗 (failure). Remember, 故障 specifically refers to mechanical or technical failure, not human conditions or mistakes.

Example Sentences

くるまがこしょうしてうごかなくなった。

The car broke down and stopped moving.

ぱそこんがこしょうして、でーたがきえてしまった。

The computer broke down and the data was lost.

えあこんがこしょうしているので、しゅうりをおねがいしました。

The air conditioner is broken, so I asked for repairs.