こぼれる

こぼれる

to overflow, to spill

JLPT N3

Meaning and Usage

The verb こぼれる primarily means "to spill" or "to overflow," often used when a liquid or small objects unintentionally fall out from a container. It can also be used metaphorically to describe emotions or sounds spilling out.

Common Contexts

  1. Literal spilling of liquids or small items, e.g., water from a glass or rice from a bowl.
  2. Emotional overflow, such as tears or laughter spilling out.
  3. Sounds or words unintentionally leaking out, like overheard conversations.

Collocations and Patterns

  • こぼれる 涙 (tears spill): used to express crying or emotional overflow.
  • こぼれる 水 (water spills): literal spilling of liquid.
  • こぼれる 笑い (laughter spills): laughter escaping unintentionally.

Usage Notes

こぼれる is an intransitive verb, so it does not take a direct object. The focus is on the subject that spills or overflows by itself. Learners often confuse it with こぼす, which is the transitive form meaning "to spill (something)." Remember: こぼれる = something spills out by itself; こぼす = someone spills something.

Politeness and Register

This verb is neutral and commonly used in everyday conversation and writing. It is neither particularly formal nor informal.

Example Sentences

こっぷからみずがこぼれた。

Water spilled from the glass.

うれしさでなみだがこぼれた。

Tears spilled out from happiness.

はなしがこぼれるようにきこえた。

I heard the conversation as if it was spilling out.