文献

ぶんけん

literature, books (reference)

JLPT N2

Character Breakdown

Understanding 文献 (ぶんけん)

The word 文献 refers to literature or reference materials such as books, articles, or documents used for research or study. It is commonly used in academic and professional contexts when discussing sources or citations.

Usage and Context

文献 is often used when talking about researching or referencing written materials. For example, when writing a paper or preparing a report, you might say "文献を調べる" (to research literature) or "文献を引用する" (to cite literature).

Common Collocations

  • 文献を調べる: to research literature or references
  • 文献を引用する: to cite literature
  • 古い文献: old literature
  • 参考文献: reference literature or bibliography

Register and Nuance

文献 is a formal term mostly used in academic, scientific, or professional settings. It is not commonly used in casual conversation. When speaking informally, people might use 本 (books) or 資料 (materials) instead.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse 文献 with 文学 (ぶんがく), which means "literature" in the sense of literary works or fiction. 文献 focuses on reference materials and factual documents, not creative literature.

Example Sentences

このろんぶんをかくためにおおくのぶんけんをしらべました。

I researched many references to write this paper.

としょかんでふるいぶんけんをえつらんすることができます。

You can browse old literature at the library.

ぶんけんをいんようするときは、せいかくなじょうほうをきさいしてください。

When citing literature, please include accurate information.