破裂

はれつ

explosion, rupture, break off

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

The word 破裂 (はれつ) primarily means "burst," "rupture," or "explosion." It is used both for physical breakage, such as a balloon or pipe bursting, and for abstract situations like negotiations or relationships breaking down.

Common Contexts

  1. Physical rupture: Often used with objects that can burst or break suddenly, such as balloons (風船), pipes (パイプ), or blood vessels (血管).
  2. Abstract rupture: Used metaphorically for situations like negotiations (交渉) or agreements breaking off.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 破裂する: to burst or rupture.
  • 破裂音 (はれつおん): bursting sound.
  • 交渉が破裂する: negotiations break down.
  • 血管が破裂する: a blood vessel ruptures.

Register and Nuance

破裂 is a formal noun often used in written and formal spoken Japanese. It conveys a sudden and often violent breaking or bursting. When used for abstract situations, it implies a complete failure or breakdown.

Common Learner Mistake

Avoid confusing 破裂 with 割れる (われる), which also means "to break." 破裂 emphasizes a sudden, often explosive break, while 割れる can be a simple crack or split without explosion.

Using 破裂 correctly helps express sudden and impactful breakage or failure, both physically and metaphorically.

Example Sentences

ふうせんがとつぜんはれつした。

The balloon suddenly burst.

ぱいぷのはれつでみずもれがおきた。

A pipe burst causing a water leak.

こうしょうがはれつして、はなしあいはちゅうだんされた。

The negotiations broke down and the talks were suspended.