練る

ねる

to knead, to work over, to polish up

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

The verb 練る (ねる) primarily means "to knead," as in working dough or clay by pressing and folding it repeatedly. Beyond this literal meaning, it is often used metaphorically to describe the process of carefully developing or refining ideas, plans, or texts.

Common Contexts

  • Cooking: kneading dough or similar substances.
  • Planning: carefully thinking through or developing a plan or strategy.
  • Writing: polishing or revising text to improve clarity or style.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 生地を練る (きじをねる): to knead dough or clay.
  • 企画を練る (きかくをねる): to carefully plan or develop a project.
  • 文章を練る (ぶんしょうをねる): to polish or refine writing.

Register and Nuance

練る is a neutral verb used in both formal and informal contexts. When used metaphorically, it implies a thoughtful, deliberate process of improvement or preparation.

Common Learner Pitfall

Do not confuse 練る with 寝る (ねる), which means "to sleep." They are homophones but have completely different meanings and kanji. Pay attention to context and kanji to avoid mistakes.

Example Sentences

ぱんのきじをよくねってからやきます。

Knead the bread dough well before baking.

きかくをねるためにちーむでなんどもはなしあった。

The team discussed many times to carefully plan the project.

ぶんしょうをねって、もっとわかりやすくかきなおした。

I polished up the writing and rewrote it to be easier to understand.