荒廃

こうはい

ruin

JLPT N3

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"荒廃" (こうはい) refers to a state of ruin, decay, or devastation, often used to describe places, environments, or abstract conditions like economies or societies that have fallen into disrepair or collapse.

Common Contexts

It is frequently used in contexts involving physical destruction, such as towns after war or neglected gardens, as well as metaphorical uses like economic or social decline.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 荒廃する: to become ruined or devastated
  • 荒廃した町: a ruined town
  • 経済の荒廃: economic ruin

Register and Nuance

The word is formal and often appears in written or serious spoken contexts. It conveys a strong sense of deterioration and neglect.

Learner Tips

Do not confuse 荒廃 with simpler words for "damage" or "breakdown"; 荒廃 implies a more complete and often long-term state of ruin. It is often paired with verbs like する to describe the process of becoming ruined.

Example Sentences

せんそうのあと、このまちはこうはいしてしまった。

After the war, this town fell into ruin.

ながいあいだていれされなかったため、にわがこうはいしている。

Because it was neglected for a long time, the garden is in a state of ruin.

けいざいのこうはいはしゃかいもんだいをひきおこすことがある。

Economic ruin can sometimes cause social problems.