Meaning and Usage
"国防" (こくぼう) refers specifically to the defense of a nation against external threats such as military attacks or invasions. It is a formal term often used in political, military, and governmental contexts.
Common Contexts
You will frequently encounter "国防" in discussions about military policy, defense budgets, and national security strategies. It is often paired with words like "費" (ひ, expense) to form "国防費" (defense budget).
Collocations and Patterns
- 国防費 (こくぼうひ): defense budget, used when discussing government spending on defense.
- 国防政策 (こくぼうせいさく): national defense policy, referring to strategic plans.
- 国防力 (こくぼうりょく): national defense capability, indicating military strength.
Register and Nuance
"国防" is a formal and serious term, rarely used in casual conversation. It often appears in news reports, official documents, and academic discussions. When using this word, speakers imply a concern for the country's security and sovereignty.
Common Learner Mistake
Learners sometimes confuse "国防" with "防衛" (ぼうえい), which also means defense but can be used more broadly, including self-defense or protection in various contexts. "国防" specifically emphasizes national-level defense.