Meaning and Usage
The word "名字" (みょうじ) specifically refers to a person's family name or surname in Japanese. It is used in formal and informal contexts when distinguishing the family name from the given name (名前).
Common Contexts
"名字" is often used when filling out forms, introducing oneself formally, or discussing family lineage. It is important to note that in Japanese, the family name usually comes before the given name, so "名字" is the first part of a full name.
Collocations and Patterns
- "名字は〜です" — stating someone's surname.
- "名字が変わる" — when a surname changes, often due to marriage.
- "名字と名前" — referring to both surname and given name, commonly used on official documents.
Tips for Learners
Learners sometimes confuse "名字" with "名前" (given name). Remember that "名字" is the family name, which is usually written first in Japanese. Also, "苗字" is a synonym but "名字" is more common in modern usage.
Use "名字" when you want to clearly specify the family name, especially in formal or official situations.