相互

そうご

mutual, reciprocal

JLPT N2

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"相互" (そうご) means "mutual" or "reciprocal," describing actions or feelings shared between two or more parties. It is often used in formal or written contexts to emphasize that something is done or experienced by both sides equally.

Common Contexts

You will frequently see "相互" in phrases related to communication, understanding, agreements, and cooperation, such as "相互理解" (mutual understanding) and "相互協力" (mutual cooperation).

Collocations and Patterns

  • 相互理解 (そうごりかい): mutual understanding, used when emphasizing shared comprehension.
  • 相互協力 (そうごきょうりょく): mutual cooperation, common in business or teamwork contexts.
  • 相互に (そうごに): mutually, often used before verbs to indicate reciprocal actions.

Register and Nuance

"相互" is generally neutral and formal, suitable for written language, business, and academic contexts. It is less common in casual spoken Japanese, where simpler expressions like "お互いに" (おたがいに) might be preferred.

Common Learner Pitfall

Learners sometimes confuse "相互" with "お互い". While both mean "mutual," "相互" is more formal and used in official or written contexts, whereas "お互い" is more casual and common in everyday conversation.

Example Sentences

そうごりかいがふかまることで、よいかんけいがきずけます。

By deepening mutual understanding, a good relationship can be built.

そうごにたすけあうことがたいせつです。

It is important to help each other mutually.

このけいやくはそうごのどういにもとづいています。

This contract is based on mutual agreement.