Meaning and Usage
"つまり" is a conjunction used to summarize or rephrase what was said before. It often means "in other words," "namely," or "that is to say." It helps clarify or emphasize the speaker's point by restating it more simply or explicitly.
Common Contexts
You will frequently see "つまり" in conversations or writing when the speaker wants to make their meaning clearer or to draw a conclusion from previous information. It is common in both formal and informal contexts.
Collocations and Patterns
- つまり + sentence: used to restate or summarize the previous statement.
- つまり + noun phrase: to define or explain a term.
- つまり + ということだ: to conclude or clarify the meaning.
Register and Nuance
"つまり" is neutral in politeness and can be used in casual and formal speech. It is often used to help the listener understand complex or indirect information by simplifying it.
Common Learner Mistake
Learners sometimes confuse "つまり" with "だから" (therefore). Remember, "つまり" restates or summarizes, while "だから" shows cause and effect. Use "つまり" when you want to rephrase or clarify, not to show a direct cause.