Meaning and Usage
The verb 出す (だす) is a very common and versatile verb in Japanese. Its core meaning is "to take out" or "to put out," but it is used in many contexts beyond the literal sense. It can mean to physically take something out from somewhere, to submit or hand in something like homework or documents, to produce a sound or voice, or even to start an action (like "laying a hand on someone").
Common Collocations and Patterns
- 財布からお金を出す: to take money out of a wallet (literal physical action)
- 宿題を出す: to submit homework (formal or casual contexts)
- 声を出す: to make a sound or voice (used when talking about speaking or shouting)
- ゴミを出す: to take out the trash (common household phrase)
- 手を出す: to lay a hand on someone, often used in warnings or prohibitions
Register and Politeness
出す is a plain form verb and is used in everyday conversation. It can be combined with polite forms (出します) for formal situations. It is neutral in politeness but very common in casual and formal speech.
Common Learner Mistake
Learners sometimes confuse 出す with 持つ (もつ, "to hold") or 入れる (いれる, "to put in"). Remember 出す always implies taking something out or producing something, not just holding or putting in.
Summary
Mastering 出す is essential because it appears in many everyday expressions and idiomatic phrases. Pay attention to the object and context to understand whether it means physically taking something out, submitting, producing sound, or starting an action.