Basic Usage
"言う" is one of the most common verbs in Japanese meaning "to say" or "to tell." It is used to express spoken words, statements, or commands.
Common Contexts
You will often see "言う" used when quoting someone directly or indirectly, such as in reported speech. It can also be used to express opinions or to give instructions.
Collocations and Patterns
- 「〜と言う」: used to quote what someone said.
- 「〜と言っている」: indicates ongoing saying or repeated statements.
- 「〜と言った」: past tense of quoting.
Politeness and Register
"言う" can be used in casual and polite speech, but in very formal contexts, "申す" or "仰る" might be preferred.
Common Mistakes
Learners sometimes confuse "言う" with "話す" (to speak/talk). "言う" focuses on the content of what is said, while "話す" emphasizes the act of speaking or conversation itself.