偶然

ぐうぜん

(by) chance, unexpectedly

JLPT N3

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"偶然" (ぐうぜん) means "by chance" or "unexpectedly." It is used to describe events or encounters that happen without planning or intention. This word often conveys a sense of surprise or luck.

Common Contexts

You will frequently hear "偶然" when talking about meeting someone unexpectedly, discovering something by chance, or when something happens without prior arrangement.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 偶然に会う (ぐうぜんにあう): to meet by chance
  • 偶然の出会い (ぐうぜんのであい): a chance encounter
  • 偶然にも (ぐうぜんにも): by coincidence, unexpectedly

Register and Nuance

"偶然" is neutral and can be used in both casual and formal contexts. It is often used in storytelling or everyday conversation to highlight unexpected events.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse "偶然" with "必然" (inevitably). Remember, "偶然" emphasizes randomness or luck, while "必然" implies something is bound to happen.

Example Sentences

えきでぐうぜんともだちにあった。

I met a friend by chance at the station.

ぐうぜんのであいがじんせいをかえることもある。

Sometimes a chance encounter can change your life.

ぐうぜんにもおなじひにたんじょうびだった。

By coincidence, we had the same birthday.