元首

げんしゅ

ruler, sovereign

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"元首" (げんしゅ) refers to the highest leader or sovereign of a country, such as a president, monarch, or emperor. It is a formal term often used in political or legal contexts.

Context and Register

This word is typically used in formal or official settings, such as news reports, academic discussions, or government documents. It is not commonly used in casual conversation.

Common Collocations

  • 元首の権限 (げんしゅのけんげん): powers of the head of state
  • 国家元首 (こっかげんしゅ): head of state of a nation
  • 元首として (げんしゅとして): as the head of state

Usage Notes

When using "元首," speakers imply the person holds the highest authority in the country. It differs from terms like "大統領" (president) or "天皇" (emperor) by being a more general and formal designation. Learners should avoid confusing "元首" with lower-ranking political titles. It is also important to note that "元首" emphasizes the role or status rather than the specific title.

Example Sentences

げんしゅはくにのしょうちょうとしてじゅうようなやくわりをはたしている。

The head of state plays an important role as a symbol of the country.

かれはげんしゅとしてこくみんのしんらいをえている。

He has gained the trust of the people as the head of state.

げんしゅのけんげんはけんぽうによってさだめられている。

The powers of the head of state are defined by the constitution.