けなす

けなす

to speak ill of

JLPT N1

Meaning and Usage

The verb けなす means "to speak ill of" or "to belittle" someone or something. It is often used when someone criticizes others in a negative or disparaging way. This word carries a somewhat strong negative nuance, so it is usually used in contexts where the speaker disapproves of the criticism.

Common Collocations

  • 人をけなす: to speak ill of a person
  • 努力をけなす: to belittle someone's effort
  • 失敗をけなす: to criticize or belittle a failure

These collocations show that けなす is often used with people, their actions, or their qualities.

Register and Politeness

けなす is a neutral to slightly informal verb. It is not very formal, so in polite or formal contexts, other expressions like 悪く言う or 批判する might be preferred.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse けなす with ほめる (to praise). Remember that けなす always has a negative meaning. Also, avoid using けなす in polite requests or formal writing without softening expressions, as it can sound harsh.

Summary

Use けなす when you want to express that someone is criticizing or speaking badly about others or their actions. It is useful in conversations about interpersonal conflicts or negative opinions.

Example Sentences

かれはいつもひとのことをけなしてばかりいる。

He is always speaking ill of others.

ともだちのどりょくをけなすのはやめなさい。

Stop belittling your friend's efforts.

かのじょはじぶんのしっぱいをけなすより、つぎにいかすべきだ。

She should make use of her mistakes rather than criticizing herself.