各自

かくじ

individual, each

JLPT N2

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"各自" means "each person" or "individually" and is used to refer to people separately within a group. It emphasizes that something applies to every individual member rather than collectively.

Common Contexts

You often see "各自" in formal or semi-formal contexts such as meetings, instructions, or project management where individual responsibility or opinion is highlighted.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 各自の意見 (each person's opinion): used when everyone is expected to share their own thoughts.
  • 各自で管理する (manage individually): emphasizes personal responsibility.
  • 各自の役割 (each person's role): clarifies individual duties.

Usage Notes

"各自" is more formal than simply saying "みんな" (everyone) or "それぞれ" (each). It is often used in written instructions or formal speech. Avoid confusing it with "それぞれ," which can be more general and less formal.

Common Mistake

Learners sometimes use "各自" in casual conversation where "それぞれ" or "みんな" would be more natural. Use "各自" when you want to stress individual responsibility or roles in a formal setting.

Example Sentences

かいぎではかくじのいけんをのべてください。

Please state each person's opinion at the meeting.

にもつはかくじでかんりしてください。

Please manage your own luggage individually.

このぷろじぇくとはかくじのやくわりをめいかくにすることがじゅうようです。

It is important to clarify each person's role in this project.