しかしながら

しかしながら

however, nevertheless

JLPT N1

Usage and Nuance

"しかしながら" is a formal conjunction used to introduce a contrast or contradiction, similar to "however" or "nevertheless" in English. It is often found in written or formal spoken Japanese, such as in reports, presentations, or polite conversations.

Common Contexts

You will frequently see "しかしながら" in business or academic settings where a polite and formal tone is required. It connects two sentences or clauses where the second one contrasts or qualifies the first.

Collocations and Patterns

  • しかしながら + sentence: introduces a contrasting statement.
  • Often used at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize the contrast.

Register and Politeness

This word is more formal than simpler conjunctions like "でも" or "しかし". Use it in formal writing or speech to sound polite and professional.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse "しかしながら" with casual conjunctions and use it in informal conversations, which can sound unnatural. Also, it should not be used mid-sentence as a simple conjunction; it typically starts a new sentence or clause.

Example Sentences

かれはどりょくした。しかしながら、けっかはおもわしくなかった。

He made an effort. However, the results were not favorable.

このけいかくはみりょくてきだ。しかしながら、よさんがたりない。

This plan is attractive. Nevertheless, the budget is insufficient.

かのじょはゆうしゅうだ。しかしながら、ときどきミスをする。

She is excellent. Nevertheless, she sometimes makes mistakes.