殿様

とのさま

feudal lord

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"殿様" (とのさま) literally means "feudal lord" and refers to the lords who ruled domains during Japan's feudal periods, especially the Edo period. It is a historical term but also used metaphorically.

Common Contexts

You will often see "殿様" in historical contexts, such as stories or discussions about samurai and feudal Japan. It can also be used figuratively to describe someone who acts arrogantly or behaves as if they are superior, like a lord.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 殿様商売: a business style where the seller does not try hard to please customers, implying arrogance or complacency.
  • 殿様気分: feeling like a lord, acting superior or entitled.
  • 殿様待遇: being treated like a lord, receiving special privileges.

Register and Nuance

"殿様" is a formal and somewhat old-fashioned word. When used metaphorically, it often carries a slightly critical or humorous tone, implying arrogance or detachment from reality.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse "殿様" with general words for "boss" or "master." Remember, "殿様" specifically refers to feudal lords or someone acting like one, not just any leader or employer.

Example Sentences

えどじだいのとのさまはりょうちをおさめていました。

The feudal lords in the Edo period governed their territories.

かれはまるでとのさまのようにふるまっている。

He behaves just like a feudal lord.

とのさましょうばいはおきゃくさまにこびないしょうばいのことをさします。

‘Tonosa business’ refers to a business that does not flatter customers.