孤独

こどく

isolation, loneliness, solitude

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Understanding 孤独

The word 孤独 (こどく) refers to feelings of loneliness, isolation, or solitude. It often carries a somewhat serious or melancholic tone, used to describe emotional or physical states where a person feels alone or separated from others.

Usage and Nuance

孤独 can describe both negative feelings of loneliness and the neutral or even positive state of solitude for self-reflection. It is commonly used in literary or formal contexts but also appears in everyday conversation when discussing emotions.

Common Collocations

  • 孤独を感じる: to feel loneliness
  • 孤独な時間: solitary time
  • 孤独を恐れる: to fear loneliness

These phrases highlight emotional states or attitudes toward being alone.

Register and Politeness

孤独 is a noun and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. It is not casual slang but rather a standard word appropriate for various settings.

Learner Tips

A common confusion is mixing 孤独 with 寂しい (さびしい), which also means lonely. 孤独 emphasizes the state of being alone and can be more intense or philosophical, while 寂しい is often used for everyday feelings of missing someone or feeling lonely in a lighter sense.

Example Sentences

かれはとかいのこどくをかんじている。

He feels the loneliness of the city.

こどくなじかんはじぶんをみつめなおすよいきかいだ。

Solitary time is a good opportunity to reflect on oneself.

こどくをおそれずに、じぶんのみちをすすもう。

Don’t fear loneliness; let's follow our own path.