不意

ふい

sudden, abrupt, unexpected

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"不意" (ふい) means something sudden, abrupt, or unexpected. It is often used to describe events or actions that catch someone off guard.

Common Contexts

You will frequently see "不意" in situations involving surprise or unexpected occurrences, such as an unannounced visit, a sudden question, or an unforeseen event.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 不意の訪問 (ふいのほうもん): sudden visit
  • 不意をつく (ふいをつく): to catch someone off guard
  • 不意に (ふいに): suddenly, unexpectedly

Register and Nuance

"不意" is a formal or literary word often found in written Japanese or polite speech. It is less common in casual conversation where simpler words like "急に" (きゅうに) might be used.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse "不意" with "突然" (とつぜん). While both mean sudden, "不意" emphasizes the unexpectedness and surprise element, often implying the subject was caught off guard, whereas "突然" is more neutral about the suddenness itself.

Example Sentences

ふいのほうもんにおどろいた。

I was surprised by the sudden visit.

ふいをつかれて、ことばがでなかった。

Caught off guard, I couldn't find the words.

ふいにでんわがなった。

The phone rang unexpectedly.