分子

ぶんし

numerator, molecule

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

The word "分子" (ぶんし) has two primary meanings: in mathematics, it refers to the numerator of a fraction, and in chemistry, it means a molecule, the smallest unit of a chemical compound that retains its properties.

Common Contexts

In everyday conversation, "分子" is more frequently used in scientific or academic contexts, especially in chemistry and physics. In math classes or discussions about fractions, it specifically denotes the numerator.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 分子と分母 (ぶんしとぶんぼ): numerator and denominator, used when discussing fractions.
  • 分子構造 (ぶんしこうぞう): molecular structure, common in chemistry.
  • 分子レベル (ぶんしレベル): molecular level, used in scientific research contexts.

Register and Nuance

"分子" is a formal term used mainly in academic, scientific, or technical contexts. It is not commonly used in casual conversation unless discussing related topics.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse "分子" with "分子" in math and chemistry contexts. Remember that the meaning depends on context: in fractions, it is the numerator; in science, it is a molecule. Pay attention to surrounding words to understand the intended meaning.

Example Sentences

このぶんすうのぶんしはごです。

The numerator of this fraction is 5.

みずのぶんしはふたつのすいそげんしとひとつのさんそげんしからできています。

A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

ぶんしレベルでのけんきゅうがすすんでいる。

Research at the molecular level is progressing.