綻びる

ほころびる

to come apart at the seams, to smile broadly

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

The verb 綻びる (ほころびる) primarily means "to come apart at the seams" or "to start to unravel," often used for fabric or stitching. It can also describe a face "breaking into a smile" or "softening," showing a gentle or broad smile.

Common Contexts

  1. Literal fabric use: When clothes, bags, or other sewn items begin to tear or the stitches loosen.
  2. Facial expression: When someone’s face relaxes into a smile, often indicating happiness or relief.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 縫い目が綻びる (ぬいめがほころびる): seams come apart
  • 顔が綻ぶ (かおがほころぶ): face breaks into a smile
  • 笑顔が綻ぶ (えがおがほころぶ): smile appears

Register and Nuance

綻びる is a somewhat literary or poetic verb, often used in written or formal contexts rather than casual speech. When used for smiles, it conveys a gentle, natural, and often warm expression rather than a forced or loud laugh.

Common Mistake

Learners sometimes confuse 綻びる with words meaning "to break" or "to tear" generally, but 綻びる specifically refers to seams or edges starting to come apart, not a complete tear or break. Also, when used for smiles, it is not used for loud laughter but for a subtle, soft smile.

Example Sentences

しゃつのそでがほころびてしまったので、なおさなければならない。

The sleeve of my shirt has come apart at the seams, so I need to fix it.

かのじょはうれしそうにわらい、かおがほころびた。

She smiled happily, her face breaking into a broad smile.

ながねんつかっていたかばんのぬいめがほころびてきた。

The seams of the bag I've used for many years have started to come apart.