親善

しんぜん

friendship

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"親善" (しんぜん) primarily means "friendship" or "goodwill," especially in contexts involving friendly relations between groups, organizations, or countries. It is often used in formal or official settings, such as diplomacy, sports, or cultural exchanges.

Common Contexts

You will frequently see "親善" in phrases like "親善試合" (friendly match) referring to non-competitive sports games meant to foster good relations, or "親善大使" (goodwill ambassador), a person appointed to promote friendly ties.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 親善試合: a friendly (non-competitive) match, often in sports.
  • 親善大使: goodwill ambassador, someone who promotes friendly relations.
  • 親善関係を築く: to build friendly relations.

Register and Nuance

"親善" is formal and polite, suitable for official or semi-official contexts. It implies a positive, cooperative relationship but is less intimate than personal friendship words like "友達".

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse "親善" with casual friendship terms. Remember, "親善" is used for formal or institutional goodwill, not everyday personal friendships.

Example Sentences

りょうこくはしんぜんじあいをおこなった。

The two countries held a friendly match.

しんぜんたいしとしてかつどうする。

To act as a goodwill ambassador.

しんぜんかんけいをきずくことがたいせつだ。

It is important to build friendly relations.