混雑

こんざつ

confusion, congestion

JLPT N3

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

The word "混雑" (こんざつ) refers to a state of congestion or crowding, often used to describe places like stations, roads, or events where many people or vehicles gather. It implies a dense, busy situation that can cause inconvenience or delay.

Common Contexts

You will frequently hear "混雑" in public transportation contexts, such as train stations or bus stops, as well as in traffic reports. It is a neutral term but often carries a slightly negative nuance because congestion usually causes discomfort or difficulty.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 混雑する: to become congested or crowded
  • 混雑を避ける: to avoid congestion
  • 混雑している: to be crowded

These phrases are useful for talking about busy times or places and planning to avoid them.

Register and Politeness

"混雑" is a standard noun used in both formal and informal contexts. It is common in news, announcements, and everyday conversation.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse "混雑" with "混乱" (confusion, disorder). While both can mean "confusion," "混雑" specifically refers to physical crowding or congestion, not mental or organizational confusion.

Example Sentences

えきのでぐちはいつもこんざつしている。

The station exit is always crowded.

こんざつをさけるために、はやめにしゅっぱつしましょう。

Let's leave early to avoid congestion.

このじかんたいはどうろがこんざつしやすいです。

The roads tend to get congested at this time of day.