君主

くんしゅ

ruler, monarch

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"君主" (くんしゅ) refers to a ruler or monarch, typically a king, queen, emperor, or similar sovereign who holds supreme authority over a state or territory. It is a formal and somewhat literary term often used in historical or political contexts.

Common Contexts

You will often see "君主" in discussions about history, political systems, or literature describing monarchies. It is less common in everyday conversation but important for understanding formal or academic texts.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 君主制 (くんしゅせい): monarchy, the system of having a monarch
  • 君主権 (くんしゅけん): sovereign power or authority
  • 絶対君主 (ぜったいくんしゅ): absolute monarch

These collocations help specify the type of ruler or the political system involved.

Register and Nuance

"君主" carries a formal tone and is not used casually. It implies legitimate or recognized authority, often hereditary. When talking about modern leaders, other terms like "リーダー" or "指導者" are more common.

Common Learner Mistake

Learners sometimes confuse "君主" with general words for leader or boss. Remember, "君主" specifically means a sovereign ruler, not just any leader or manager.

Example Sentences

れきしじょう、おおくのくんしゅがくにをおさめてきた。

Throughout history, many monarchs have ruled countries.

くんしゅはこくみんのこうふくをだいいちにかんがえるべきだ。

A ruler should prioritize the happiness of the people.

くんしゅせいのくにでは、おうやじょおうがこっかげんしゅとなる。

In monarchies, kings or queens serve as the head of state.