借金

しゃっきん

debt, loan, liabilities

JLPT N3

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

The word "借金" (しゃっきん) refers to money that someone borrows and is obligated to repay, commonly translated as "debt" or "loan." It is often used in everyday conversation when discussing financial obligations, loans from banks, or personal borrowing.

Common Contexts

"借金" is frequently mentioned in contexts involving personal finance, business loans, or even informal borrowing among friends or family. It carries a neutral to slightly negative connotation because it implies owing money.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 借金を返す (しゃっきんをかえす): to repay debt
  • 借金をする (しゃっきんをする): to take on debt
  • 借金がある (しゃっきんがある): to have debt

These phrases are very common and useful for discussing financial situations.

Register and Nuance

"借金" is a standard term used in both formal and informal settings. However, in very formal financial documents, more technical terms like "負債" (ふさい) might be used instead.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse "借金" with "貸金" (money lent out). Remember, "借金" always refers to money borrowed (debt), not money lent.

Example Sentences

かれはたがくのしゃっきんをへんさいしている。

He is repaying a large amount of debt.

しゃっきんをするまえに、よくかんがえたほうがいい。

You should think carefully before taking on debt.

しゃっきんでせいかつがくるしくなった。

Life became difficult because of debt.