もがく

もがく

to struggle, to wriggle, to be impatient

JLPT N1

Meaning and Usage

The verb もがく primarily means "to struggle" or "to wriggle," often describing physical or metaphorical efforts to escape or overcome a difficult situation. It can also express impatience or frustration when someone is trying hard but not succeeding.

Common Contexts

  1. Physical struggle: such as a child struggling in water or an animal trying to get free.
  2. Mental or emotional struggle: like someone trying hard to solve a problem or overcome a challenge.
  3. Figurative use: expressing frustration or impatience when efforts seem futile.

Collocations and Patterns

  • もがく + 逃げる/脱出する: struggling to escape.
  • 問題/困難 + にもがく: struggling with a problem or difficulty.
  • もがいても + できない/無理: no matter how much one struggles, it’s impossible.

Register and Nuance

もがく is generally neutral but often used in literary or descriptive contexts rather than casual conversation. It conveys a vivid image of effort and desperation. Avoid using it for very formal or polite speech.

Common Learner Mistake

Learners sometimes confuse もがく with simple movement verbs like 動く (うごく). Remember, もがく implies a struggle or effort, not just any movement.

Example Sentences

こどもがみずのなかでもがいている。

The child is struggling in the water.

かれはもんだいをかいけつしようともがいている。

He is struggling to solve the problem.

もがいてもにげられない。

No matter how much you struggle, you can't escape.