破る

やぶる

to tear

JLPT N3

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

The verb 破る (やぶる) primarily means "to tear" something physically, such as paper or cloth. However, it also has important figurative uses like "breaking" promises, rules, or records. This makes it a versatile verb used in both everyday and formal contexts.

Common Collocations

  • 約束を破る (やくそくをやぶる): to break a promise — used when someone fails to keep a commitment.
  • 記録を破る (きろくをやぶる): to break a record — common in sports or competitions.
  • 法律を破る (ほうりつをやぶる): to break the law — used in legal or serious contexts.

Nuances and Register

破る can be used in casual and formal speech. When talking about tearing physical objects, it is straightforward and neutral. When used figuratively, it often carries a negative nuance, especially with promises or laws.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse 破る with 割る (わる), which means "to break" in the sense of shattering glass or objects. Use 破る for tearing or breaking abstract things like promises or records, and 割る for breaking solid objects like glass or plates.

Example Sentences

かみをやぶるのはかんたんです。

Tearing paper is easy.

やくそくをやぶるのはよくない。

Breaking a promise is not good.

きろくをやぶるためにいっしょうけんめいれんしゅうした。

I practiced hard to break the record.