短歌

たんか

31-syllable Japanese poem

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

What is 短歌?

短歌 (たんか) is a classical Japanese poetry form consisting of 31 syllables arranged in a 5-7-5-7-7 pattern. It is one of the oldest and most respected poetic forms in Japan, often used to express deep emotions or observations about nature and life.

Usage and Context

You will often find 短歌 in literature, cultural discussions, and traditional poetry collections. It is a formal and artistic word, typically used in literary or academic contexts rather than casual conversation.

Common Collocations

  • 短歌を詠む (たんかをよむ): to compose or recite a tanka poem.
  • 短歌集 (たんかしゅう): a collection of tanka poems.
  • 短歌大会 (たんかたいかい): a tanka poetry contest.

Tips for Learners

When using 短歌, remember it refers specifically to this 31-syllable poetic form, distinct from other Japanese poetry like 俳句 (haiku). Avoid confusing 短歌 with general poems or songs. It is also common to see 短歌 used in formal writing or cultural contexts rather than everyday speech.

Example Sentences

たんかはにほんのでんとうてきなしのけいしきです。

Tanka is a traditional form of Japanese poetry.

かのじょはたんかをよむのがしゅみです。

Her hobby is composing tanka poems.

たんかはご・しち・ご・しち・しちのおんせつでこうせいされます。

Tanka consists of 5-7-5-7-7 syllables.