したがって

したがって

therefore, consequently

JLPT N3

Meaning and Usage

"したがって" is a formal conjunction used to indicate a logical consequence or conclusion, similar to "therefore" or "consequently" in English. It connects two sentences where the second sentence follows logically from the first.

Common Contexts

It is often used in written or formal spoken Japanese, such as presentations, reports, or academic discussions. It is less common in casual conversation, where simpler connectors like "だから" or "それで" might be preferred.

Typical Collocations and Patterns

  • したがって + [statement]: to express a conclusion or result.
  • したがって、+ [sentence]: often used at the beginning of the second sentence to show cause and effect.

Nuances and Tips

Using "したがって" implies a clear logical relationship and is more formal than "だから". Avoid using it in casual speech to sound natural. A common learner mistake is to use "したがって" in casual contexts or to confuse it with "しかし" (however), which expresses contrast rather than consequence.

Example Sentences

かれはいそがしい。したがって、かいぎにはしゅっせきできない。

He is busy. Therefore, he cannot attend the meeting.

このせいひんはひんしつがたかい。したがって、かかくもたかい。

This product has high quality. Consequently, the price is also high.

てんきよほうによると、あしたはあめがふる。したがって、かさをもっていったほうがいい。

According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. Therefore, you should take an umbrella.