Meaning and Usage
"崩壊" (ほうかい) primarily means "collapse" or "breaking down" and is used in both physical and abstract contexts. It can describe the physical collapse of structures, such as buildings or natural formations, as well as the breakdown of systems like economies, organizations, or mental states.
Common Contexts
You will often see "崩壊" used in news reports about disasters (earthquakes, landslides), economic crises, or psychological conditions. It carries a serious tone and is typically used in formal or written language.
Collocations and Patterns
- 崩壊する: to collapse or break down (used with buildings, systems, or abstract concepts)
- 崩壊寸前: on the verge of collapse (often used for mental or social states)
- 経済崩壊: economic collapse
- 社会崩壊: social collapse
Usage Notes
When using "崩壊," the speaker implies a significant and often irreversible breakdown. It is stronger than just "壊れる" (to break) and suggests a total failure or ruin. Avoid confusing it with "倒壊" which specifically refers to physical falling down of buildings.
Common Mistake
Learners sometimes confuse "崩壊" with "破壊" (destruction). While "破壊" focuses on the act of destroying, "崩壊" emphasizes the process or state of collapsing or falling apart.