迫害

はくがい

persecution

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"迫害" (はくがい) means "persecution" and is used to describe unfair or cruel treatment, often due to religion, politics, ethnicity, or beliefs. It is a formal and serious term, commonly found in historical, political, or human rights contexts.

Common Contexts

This word frequently appears when discussing historical events, political oppression, or social injustice. For example, religious persecution or political persecution are typical collocations.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 迫害を受ける: to be persecuted
  • 宗教的な迫害: religious persecution
  • 政治的迫害: political persecution
  • 迫害から逃れる: to escape persecution

Nuance and Register

"迫害" carries a strong negative connotation and is used in formal or serious discussions. It is not used lightly or in casual conversation.

Common Learner Mistake

Learners sometimes confuse "迫害" with "嫌がらせ" (harassment). While both involve negative treatment, "迫害" implies systemic, often violent oppression, whereas "嫌がらせ" is more about personal annoyance or bullying. Use "迫害" only when referring to serious, often institutionalized oppression.

Example Sentences

れきしじょう、おおくのひとびとがしゅうきょうてきなりゆうではくがいをうけた。

Throughout history, many people have been persecuted for religious reasons.

かれはせいじてきないけんのちがいからはくがいされているとかんじている。

He feels he is being persecuted because of his political opinions.

はくがいをのがれて、かれらはこくがいへとにげた。

They fled abroad to escape persecution.