連邦

れんぽう

commonwealth, federation of states

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

The word 連邦 (れんぽう) refers to a federation or commonwealth, typically a political entity composed of multiple states or regions that share sovereignty with a central government. It is often used in formal or political contexts when discussing countries like the United States (アメリカ合衆国) or Germany (ドイツ連邦共和国).

Common Collocations

  • 連邦政府 (れんぽうせいふ): federal government — the central authority in a federation.
  • 連邦国家 (れんぽうこっか): federal country — a nation organized as a federation.
  • 連邦制 (れんぽうせい): federal system — the political structure of a federation.

Nuances and Register

連邦 is a formal term mostly used in political, legal, or academic discussions. It is not commonly used in casual conversation unless discussing international politics or geography. When using 連邦, the speaker implies a structured political union where states retain some autonomy but are united under a central government.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse 連邦 with 協会 (きょうかい, association) or 連合 (れんごう, union), which have different nuances. 連邦 specifically refers to a political federation with shared sovereignty, whereas 連合 can mean a looser alliance or coalition. To avoid confusion, remember 連邦 is about a formal political structure.

Example Sentences

あめりかがっしゅうこくはごじゅうのしゅうからなるれんぽうこっかです。

The United States of America is a federal country made up of 50 states.

れんぽうせいふはかくしゅうのけんげんをそんちょうしながらくにをうんえいしています。

The federal government operates the country while respecting the authority of each state.

れんぽうせいはふくすうのじちたいがきょうりょくしてひとつのこっかをけいせいするしくみです。

Federalism is a system where multiple autonomous entities cooperate to form one nation.