始発

しはつ

first train

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"始発" (しはつ) specifically refers to the first train or the first departure of a train line for the day. It is commonly used in daily conversation when talking about train schedules, commuting, or travel plans.

Common Contexts

People often mention "始発" when they want to emphasize leaving very early or catching the earliest possible train to avoid crowds or to arrive early.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 始発の電車 (しはつのでんしゃ): the first train of the day
  • 始発駅 (しはつえき): the first station where the train starts
  • 始発に乗る (しはつにのる): to ride the first train

Register and Nuance

"始発" is a neutral term used in both formal and informal contexts. It is a practical word often seen in timetables and announcements.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse "始発" with "初発" (which is rare and mostly literary). Always use "始発" when referring to the first train or first departure in everyday conversation.

Example Sentences

しはつのでんしゃにのって、そうちょうからしゅっきんした。

I took the first train and went to work early in the morning.

しはつえきからのると、すわれることがおおい。

If you board from the first station, you can often get a seat.

しはつでんしゃはつうじょう、しんやからそうちょうにかけてうんこうされる。

The first train usually runs from late night to early morning.