協定

きょうてい

arrangement, pact, agreement

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

The word 協定 (きょうてい) refers to a formal agreement or pact, often between countries or organizations. It is commonly used in political, economic, and international contexts to describe negotiated arrangements that bind the parties involved.

Common Contexts

You will often see 協定 used in discussions about trade agreements, environmental treaties, or diplomatic accords. It implies a mutual understanding and legally or formally recognized commitments.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 貿易協定 (ぼうえききょうてい): trade agreement
  • 国際協定 (こくさいきょうてい): international agreement
  • 協定を結ぶ (きょうていをむすぶ): to conclude an agreement
  • 協定に基づく (きょうていにもとづく): based on an agreement

These collocations highlight the formal and official nature of the word.

Register and Nuance

協定 is a formal term and is rarely used in casual conversation. It is appropriate in news reports, official documents, and formal discussions. It differs from 約束 (やくそく), which is more casual and personal.

Common Learner Mistake

Learners sometimes confuse 協定 with 協議 (きょうぎ), which means consultation or discussion. 協定 refers to the finalized agreement, while 協議 is the process of negotiating or discussing. Remember, 協定 is the result, 協議 is the process.

Example Sentences

りょうこくはぼうえきにかんするきょうていをむすんだ。

The two countries concluded an agreement regarding trade.

かんきょうほごのためのこくさいきょうていがひつようだ。

An international agreement for environmental protection is necessary.

きょうていにもとづいて、そうほうがぎむをはたすべきだ。

Based on the agreement, both parties should fulfill their obligations.