覆す

くつがえす

to overturn, to upset, to overthrow

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

覆す (くつがえす) means to overturn, upset, or overthrow something, often used in contexts where an established fact, belief, or situation is reversed. It is a transitive verb and typically involves a significant change or challenge to the status quo.

Common Contexts

This verb is frequently used in legal, scientific, or social contexts where new evidence or ideas challenge previous assumptions or decisions. For example, "新しい証拠が判決を覆す" (new evidence overturns a verdict).

Collocations and Patterns

  • 覆す + 事実 (fact): to overturn a fact
  • 常識を覆す (じょうしきをくつがえす): to overturn common sense or conventional wisdom
  • 判決を覆す (はんけつをくつがえす): to overturn a court decision

These collocations emphasize the strong impact of the action.

Register and Nuance

覆す is a formal verb often found in written language, news reports, academic discussions, and formal speeches. It conveys a strong sense of reversal or disruption.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse 覆す with simpler verbs like 変える (to change) or 直す (to fix). However, 覆す implies a more radical or fundamental overturning, not just a minor change or correction.

Example Sentences

あたらしいしょうこがかれのむざいをくつがえした。

The new evidence overturned his innocence.

じょうしきをくつがえすようなはっけんがあった。

There was a discovery that overturned common sense.

かれのいけんはかいぎのながれをくつがえした。

His opinion overturned the course of the meeting.