刑罰

けいばつ

judgment, penalty, punishment

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Understanding 刑罰 (けいばつ)

刑罰 refers specifically to legal punishments or penalties imposed for crimes or offenses. It is a formal term often used in legal contexts, such as court rulings or discussions about criminal justice.

Usage and Nuance

When using 刑罰, speakers imply a formal, often state-imposed punishment rather than informal or social penalties. It covers a range of punishments including imprisonment, fines, or other legal sanctions.

Common Collocations

  • 刑罰を科す (けいばつをかす): to impose a penalty
  • 刑罰を軽くする (けいばつをかるくする): to reduce the punishment
  • 刑罰の種類 (けいばつのしゅるい): types of punishment

These collocations are useful when discussing legal consequences or court decisions.

Register and Formality

刑罰 is a formal noun used primarily in written language, legal documents, and formal speech. It is not commonly used in casual conversation.

Common Mistake

Learners sometimes confuse 刑罰 with 罰 (ばつ), which is a more general term for punishment and can be used in everyday contexts. 刑罰 is more specific to legal or official penalties.

Example Sentences

はんざいしゃにはそうおうのけいばつがかされるべきだ。

Criminals should be subjected to appropriate penalties.

けいばつをかるくするために、ひこくははんせいのたいどをしめした。

The defendant showed an attitude of remorse to reduce the punishment.

けいばつのしゅるいにはちょうえきやばっきんなどがある。

Types of punishment include imprisonment and fines.