除外

じょがい

exception, exclusion

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"除外" (じょがい) means "exclusion" or "exception." It is used when something or someone is deliberately left out or excluded from a group, list, or rule.

Common Contexts

You often see "除外" in formal or official contexts such as contracts, rules, sales, or eligibility criteria. For example, a product might be excluded from a discount, or a person might be excluded from a membership due to certain conditions.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 除外される: to be excluded
  • 除外対象: object of exclusion
  • 除外規定: exclusion rules

These phrases are common in legal, business, and administrative language.

Nuance and Register

"除外" is a formal term and is rarely used in casual conversation. It implies a clear and official decision to exclude.

Common Mistake

Learners sometimes confuse "除外" with "排除" (はいじょ), which also means exclusion but often implies removal of something undesirable or forceful exclusion. "除外" is more neutral and procedural.

Example Sentences

このしょうひんはセールのたいしょうからじょがいされています。

This product is excluded from the sale.

とくていのじょうけんにあてはまるばあいはじょがいされます。

If certain conditions apply, you will be excluded.

じょがいきていをよくよんでからもうしこんでください。

Please read the exclusion rules carefully before applying.