欠乏

けつぼう

shortage

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

"欠乏" (けつぼう) means "shortage" or "deficiency" and is used to describe a lack of something essential, such as water, nutrients, or funds. It is a formal noun often found in written language, news reports, and academic contexts.

Common Collocations

  • 欠乏する: to be deficient or lacking
  • 資源の欠乏: shortage of resources
  • 栄養の欠乏: nutritional deficiency
  • 欠乏状態: state of deficiency

Usage Notes

When using "欠乏," the focus is on a serious or problematic lack, often implying urgency or negative consequences. It is more formal than simpler words like "不足" (ふそく), which also means shortage but is more general and common in everyday conversation.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse "欠乏" with "不足." Remember that "欠乏" often refers to a more critical or essential shortage, especially in scientific or formal contexts, while "不足" is more general and casual.

Summary

Use "欠乏" when emphasizing a serious lack of something important, especially in formal or written Japanese. It helps convey urgency and the need for remedy or attention.

Example Sentences

このちいきはみずのけつぼうがしんこくなもんだいとなっている。

Water shortage is a serious problem in this region.

えいようのけつぼうはけんこうにあくえいきょうをおよぼすことがある。

Nutritional deficiency can sometimes have a negative impact on health.

しきんのけつぼうでプロジェクトがちゅうだんされた。

The project was halted due to a shortage of funds.