Usage and Nuance
"にも関わらず" is a formal conjunction used to express contrast or contradiction, similar to "in spite of" or "although." It often appears in written and formal spoken Japanese. It emphasizes that the following result or situation occurs despite the condition stated before it.
Common Collocations
- 雨にも関わらず (in spite of the rain): used to highlight unexpected outcomes despite weather conditions.
- 経験が浅いにも関わらず (although inexperienced): emphasizes surprising or noteworthy results despite lack of experience.
- 高い料金にも関わらず (despite high prices): used to point out something happening despite cost or difficulty.
Register and Usage Tips
This phrase is more formal and often used in business, news, or academic contexts. In casual conversation, simpler expressions like "のに" or "けれども" might be preferred.
Common Mistake
Learners sometimes confuse "にも関わらず" with "のに." While both express contrast, "にも関わらず" carries a stronger nuance of unexpectedness or contradiction and is more formal. Avoid using it in casual speech to sound natural.