おつ

2nd in rank

JLPT N1

Character Breakdown

Meaning and Usage

The kanji 乙 (おつ) primarily means "second" or "second in rank," often contrasted with 甲 (こう), which means "first." It is used in formal or literary contexts to indicate a secondary position or category.

Common Contexts

乙 appears in various contexts such as ranking systems, roles, or classifications where items or people are categorized as first (甲) and second (乙). It can also be used colloquially as a short form of "お疲れ様" (otsukaresama), a phrase expressing appreciation for someone's effort.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 甲乙つけがたい: "hard to choose between first and second," meaning difficult to decide which is better.
  • 乙の立場: "the position of second rank," used to describe a subordinate or secondary role.
  • おつです: casual or slang abbreviation of "お疲れ様です," used to praise or acknowledge someone's work.

Register and Nuance

When used as a rank, 乙 is formal and often seen in written or official documents. When used as "おつです," it is informal and common in casual conversation or online communication.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse 乙 as only meaning "second" in a strict numerical sense, but it also carries nuances of being secondary or subordinate. Also, do not confuse the casual "おつです" with the formal ranking meaning.

Example Sentences

このしごとはこうよりおつのほうがむずかしいばあいもある。

Sometimes the task ranked second (乙) is more difficult than the first (甲).

おつかれさまです、おつです。

Thanks for your hard work, good job (乙).

かれはこうよりおつのやくわりをたんとうしている。

He is in charge of the secondary role rather than the primary one.