Meaning and Usage
The verb 断る (ことわる) primarily means "to refuse" or "to decline" something such as an invitation, request, or offer. It is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts when politely saying no.
Common Contexts
You will often hear 断る when someone wants to reject invitations, offers, or proposals without sounding rude. It can also be used to dismiss or turn down work or favors.
Collocations and Patterns
- 断る＋誘い (ことわる＋さそい): to refuse an invitation
- 断る＋お願い (ことわる＋おねがい): to decline a request
- 断る＋仕事 (ことわる＋しごと): to refuse a job or task
These collocations show how 断る is used with various nouns to express refusal in different situations.
Politeness and Nuance
While 断る can be direct, it is often softened by context or additional polite expressions. Using 断る appropriately shows respect and consideration when saying no.
Common Mistake
Learners sometimes confuse 断る with simple negative verbs like しない. Remember, 断る specifically implies refusal or rejection, not just absence of action.