せき

cough

JLPT N3

Character Breakdown

Understanding 咳 (せき)

The word 咳 (せき) means "cough" and is commonly used to describe the act or symptom of coughing. It is a noun but often appears in expressions describing the action of coughing, such as 咳をする (to cough).

Usage and Context

咳 is frequently used in everyday conversation when talking about health, especially colds or respiratory issues. It can describe both mild and severe coughing. When combined with verbs like する (to do), it forms a common phrase to express the action.

Common Collocations

  • 咳をする: to cough (the basic verb phrase)
  • 咳が出る: a cough comes out, to start coughing
  • 咳が止まらない: the cough won't stop
  • ひどい咳: a severe cough

These collocations help express the intensity or occurrence of coughing.

Politeness and Register

咳 is neutral and appropriate in both casual and formal contexts. When giving advice or instructions, such as 咳をするときは口を覆う, it is polite and clear.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse 咳 (せき) with 痰 (たん, phlegm) or 喘息 (ぜんそく, asthma). Remember 咳 specifically refers to the act or symptom of coughing, not the mucus or the disease causing it.

Example Sentences

かれはかぜでひどいせきをしている。

He has a bad cough because of a cold.

せきがとまらなくてよるもねむれなかった。

I couldn't sleep at night because my cough wouldn't stop.

せきをするときは、くちをてでおおいましょう。

When you cough, cover your mouth with your hand.