JLPT N3

2102 words
作法さほうmanners, etiquette, propriety様々さまざまvaried, various冷ますさますto cool, to let cool覚ますさますto awaken冷めるさめるto become cool, to wear off覚めるさめるto wake, to wake up左右さゆうleft and right皿さらplate, dish更にさらにfurthermore, moreover去るさるto leave, to go away猿さるmonkey騒ぎさわぎuproar, disturbance参加さんかparticipation参考さんこうreference, consultation賛成さんせいapproval, agreement酸性さんせいacidity酸素さんそoxygen氏しfamily name, lineage詩しpoem幸せしあわせhappiness, blessingジーンズジーンズjeansジェット機ジェットきjet plane四角しかくsquare直にじかにimmediately, readily, directlyしかもしかもmoreover, furthermore, besides, plus四季しきfour seasons直じきimmediately, soon, shortly時期じきtime, season, period支給しきゅうpayment, allowance至急しきゅうurgent, pressingしきりにしきりにfrequently, repeatedly, eagerly刺激しげきstimulus, impetus, incentive資源しげんresources事件じけんevent, affair, incident時刻じこくtime, hour自殺じさつsuicide事実じじつfact, truth, reality支出ししゅつexpenditure, expenses事情じじょうcircumstances, situation, reasons詩人しじんpoet自身じしんoneself沈むしずむto sink自然しぜんnature, spontaneous思想しそうthought, idea舌したtongue次第しだいorder従うしたがうto abide (by the rules), to obeyしたがってしたがってtherefore, consequently親しいしたしいintimate, close (e.g., friend)質しつquality, nature (of person)失業しつぎょうunemployment湿気しっけmoisture, humidity, dampness実験じっけんlab work実現じつげんimplementation, materialization, realization実行じっこうpractice, execution (e.g., program), realization実際じっさいin fact実施じっしenforcement, carry out, operation湿度しつどhumidityじっとじっとpatiently, quietly実にじつにindeed, truly, surely実はじつはactually失望しつぼうdisappointment, despair実力じつりょくability支店してんbranch store (office)指導しどうleadership, guidance, coaching自動じどうautomatic, self-motion児童じどうchildren, juvenile品しなthing, article, goods支配しはいrule, control, direction芝居しばいplay, dramaしばしばしばしばoften, again and again, frequently芝生しばふlawn支払しはらいpayment支払うしはらうto pay死亡しぼうdeath資本しほんfunds, capital姉妹しまいsistersしまった (かん)しまった (かん)Damn it!自慢じまんpride, boast地味じみquiet, plain, conservative示すしめすto show, to indicate占めるしめるto take up湿るしめるto be wet, to be damp下しもunder, below, beneath霜しもfrost借金しゃっきんdebt, loan, liabilitiesしゃべるしゃべるto talk, to chat, to chatter (same as 話す (はなす))週しゅうweek州しゅうstate, province銃じゅうgun周囲しゅういsurroundings, circumference, environs収穫しゅうかくharvest, crop, ingathering宗教しゅうきょうreligion重視じゅうしimportance, stress就職しゅうしょくfinding employmentジュースジュースjuice, soft drink修正しゅうせいamendment, correction重体じゅうたいseriously ill, critical state渋滞じゅうたいcongestion (e.g., traffic), delay重大じゅうだいserious, important住宅じゅうたくresident, housing集団しゅうだんgroup, mass集中しゅうちゅうconcentration, focusing the mind収入しゅうにゅうincome, revenue住民じゅうみんinhabitants, residents重要じゅうようimportant, essential修理しゅうりrepairing, mending主義しゅぎdoctrine, cause, principle宿泊しゅくはくlodging手術しゅじゅつsurgical operation首相しゅしょうPrime Minister手段しゅだんmeans, way, measure主張しゅちょうclaim, insistence, assertion出場しゅつじょうparticipation出身しゅっしんcome from出版しゅっぱんpublication首都しゅとcapital city主婦しゅふhousewife主要しゅようchief, main需要じゅようdemand種類しゅるいvariety, kind順じゅんorder, turn瞬間しゅんかんmoment, second順調じゅんちょうdoing well順番じゅんばんturn (in line), order of things使用しようuse (same as 使うこと (つかうこと)), application, employment, utilization小しょうsmall章しょうchapter, section賞しょうprize, award上じょうfirst volume障害しょうがいobstacle, impediment奨学金しょうがくきんscholarship乗客じょうきゃくpassenger上京じょうきょうproceeding to the capital (Tokyo)状況じょうきょうstate of affairs, situation条件じょうけんconditions, terms正午しょうごnoon, mid-day正直しょうじきhonesty, integrity, frankness常識じょうしきcommon sense少女しょうじょyoung girl少々しょうしょうa little症状しょうじょうsymptoms, condition生じるしょうじるto occur, to arise, to be generated状態じょうたいcondition, situation上達じょうたつimprovement, advance冗談じょうだんa joke上等じょうとうfirst class, very good衝突しょうとつcollision, conflict商人しょうにんtrader, shopkeeper, merchant承認しょうにんrecognition, approval少年しょうねんboys, juveniles商売しょうばいtrade, business, commerce消費しょうひconsumption, expenditure商品しょうひんcommodity, merchandise賞品しょうひんprize, trophy消防しょうぼうfire fighting, fire department情報じょうほうinformation, (military) intelligence証明しょうめいproof, verification省略しょうりゃくomission, abbreviation, abridgment女王じょおうqueen職しょくemployment職業しょくぎょうoccupation, business食卓しょくたくdining table食品しょくひんfoodstuff植物しょくぶつplant, vegetation食物しょくもつfood, foodstuff食欲しょくよくappetite (for food)食料しょくりょうfood食糧しょくりょうprovisions, rations書斎しょさいstudy, den女子じょしwoman, girl助手じょしゅhelper, assistant徐々にじょじょにslowly, little by little署名しょめいsignature書物しょもつbooks女優じょゆうactress処理しょりprocessing, treatment, disposition書類しょるいdocuments, official papers知らせしらせnotice尻しりbuttocks, bottom知合いしりあいacquaintance印しるしmark城しろcastle進学しんがくgoing on to university神経しんけいnerve, sensitivity真剣しんけんseriousness, earnestness信仰しんこう(religious) faith, belief信号しんごうtraffic lights, signal, semaphore人工じんこうartificial, man made, human work,深刻しんこくserious診察しんさつmedical examination (of a patient)人種じんしゅrace (of people)信じるしんじるto believe人生じんせい(human) life (e.g., conception to death)親戚しんせきrelative(s)新鮮しんせんfresh心臓しんぞうheart身体しんたいthe body身長しんちょうheight (of body), stature慎重しんちょうcareful, prudent, cautious審判しんぱんumpire, referee, judgment人物じんぶつcharacter, personality, talented man進歩しんぽimprovement, progress, development親友しんゆうclose friend, buddy信用しんようconfidence, dependence信頼しんらいreliance, trust, confidence心理しんりmentality人類じんるいmankind, humanity巣すnest, breeding place酢すvinegar図ずfigure, drawing, illustration水準すいじゅんlevel, standard推薦すいせんrecommendationスイッチスイッチswitch睡眠すいみんsleep数すうnumber, figure数字すうじnumeral, figureスープスープ(Western) soup末すえthe end of, powder姿すがたfigure, shape, appearanceスキースキーski救うすくうto rescue from, to help out ofすくなくともすくなくともat least優れるすぐれるto surpass, to outstrip, to excelスケートスケートskate(s), skatingスケジュールスケジュールschedule少しもすこしもanything of, not one bit過ごすすごすto pass, to spend (time)筋すじmuscle, string, line進めるすすめるto advance, to promote, to hasten勧めるすすめるto urge (someone) to do (something), to recommendスタースターstarスタイルスタイルstyleスタンドスタンドstand頭痛ずつうheadacheずっとずっとfor a long timeすっぱいすっぱいsour, acidすてきすてきlovely, great既にすでにalready (same as もう)すなわちすなわちthat is, namely, e.g.スピーチスピーチspeech全てすべてall, the whole, entirely済ませるすませるto be finished角すみcorner墨すみinkすみません (かん)すみません (かん)sorry, excuse me澄むすむto clear (e.g., weather), to become transparent清むすむto clear (e.g., weather), to become transparent刷るするto print為るするto do, to attempt鋭いするどいpointed, sharpすれ違うすれちがうto pass by one anotherずれるずれるmove, off the point正せい(logical) true, regular生せいbirth性せいsex, gender姓せいsurname, family name所為せいcause, reason, fault税ぜいtax性格せいかくcharacter, personality正確せいかくaccurate, punctuality, exact世紀せいきcentury請求せいきゅうclaim, demand, request税金ぜいきんtax, duty清潔せいけつclean制限せいげんrestriction, restraint, limitation成功せいこうsuccess, hit正式せいしきofficial, formal性質せいしつnature, property, disposition精神せいしんmind, soul, spirit成人せいじんadult精々せいぜいat the most, at best成績せいせきgrade (i.e., on a test), academic record製造せいぞうmanufacture, production贅沢ぜいたくluxury, extravagance成長せいちょうgrowth生長せいちょうgrowth制度せいどsystem, institution青年せいねんyouth, young man生年月日せいねんがっぴbirth date製品せいひんmanufactured goods, finished goods政府せいふgovernment, administration生物せいぶつliving thing, organism生命せいめいlife整理せいりsorting, arrangement咳せきcough石炭せきたんcoal責任せきにんduty, responsibility石油せきゆoil, petroleum, kerosene世間せけんworld, society説せつtheory積極的せっきょくてきpositive, active, proactive設計せっけいplan, design絶対ぜったいdefinitely, without fail, absolutenessセットセットset愛あいlove相変わらずあいかわらずas ever, as usual愛情あいじょうlove, affection合図あいずsign, signalアイスクリームアイスクリームice cream愛するあいするto love相手あいてpartnerあいにくあいにくunfortunately遭うあうto meet, to encounter (undesirable nuance)アウトアウトout明かりあかりlamplight, light (in general)空きあきvacancy, opening, space明らかあきらかobvious, clear諦めるあきらめるto give up, to abandon飽きるあきるto get tired of, to lose interest in握手あくしゅhandshake悪魔あくまdevil, demon, evil spirit明けるあけるto dawn, to become daylight揚げるあげるto lift, to fry挙げるあげるto raise預かるあずかるto keep (something) for (someone)預けるあずけるto give into custody, to deposit汗あせsweat, perspiration与えるあたえるto give温かいあたたかいwarm暖まるあたたまるto warm up温まるあたたまるto warm oneself, to get warm暖めるあたためるto warm (up to someone/something), to heat (up to someone/something)温めるあたためるto warm, to heat辺りあたりvicinity, nearby当たり前あたりまえusual, common, obvious当たるあたるto be hit, to be successfulあちこちあちこちhere and there扱うあつかうto treat, to handle, to deal with集まりあつまりgathering, meeting, collection当てるあてるto hit跡あとtrace穴あなhole油あぶらoil脂あぶらfat誤りあやまりerror粗あらdefect, flaw, fault嵐あらしstorm争うあらそうto dispute, to argue, to fight新たあらたnew, freshあらゆるあらゆるall, every表すあらわすto express, to show現すあらわすto show, to appear, to reveal著すあらわすto write, to publish現れあらわれexpression, indication, sign現れるあらわれるto appear (v.i.), to become visibleありがとうありがとうThank you在る; 有るあるto live, to be, to exist或あるa certain..., some...あるいはあるいはor, perhapsアルバムアルバムalbum泡あわbubble, foam合わせるあわせるto combine慌てるあわてるto become confused、to panic哀れあわれhelpless, pity, pathetic案あんplan, scheme, proposal案外あんがいunexpectedly暗記あんきmemorization, learning by heart安定あんていstability, equilibriumあんなにあんなにto that extent, to that degreeあんまりあんまりnot very, not much胃いstomach委員いいんcommittee member意外いがいunexpected, surprising行きいきgoing息いきbreath勢いいきおいforce, vigor, momentum生き物いきものliving thing, creatureいけないいけないmust not do, bad, wrong医師いしdoctor, physician意思いしintention, purpose意志いしwill, volition維持いじmaintenance, preservation意識いしきconsciousness, senses異常いじょうstrangeness, abnormality, disorder意地悪いじわるmalicious, mean, unkind泉いずみspring, fountainいずれいずれwhere, which, who以前いぜんin the past板いたboard, plank偉大いだいgreatness抱くいだくto hold (v.t.) (written expression), to embrace, to harborいたずらいたずらtrick, practical jokeいただきますいただきますexpression of gratitude before meals痛みいたみpain, ache, sore至るいたるto come, to arrive市いちmarket, fair位置いちplace, position一時いちじfor a time, temporarily一度にいちどにall at once市場いちばmarket, bazaarいつかいつかsometime, one day一家いっかfamily, clan一種いっしゅa species, a kind, a variety一瞬いっしゅんa moment, an instant一生いっしょうthroughout (one's) life一層いっそうmuch more, still more一体いったいone object一致いっちagreementいつでもいつでも(at) any time, alwaysいつのまにかいつのまにかbefore one knows一般いっぱんgeneral, average一方いっぽうon the other handいつまでもいつまでもforever, for good, eternally移動いどうmigration, movement従兄弟いとこcousin (male)従姉妹いとこcousin (female)稲いねrice-plant居眠りいねむりdozing, nodding off命いのちlife違反いはんviolation (of law), infringement衣服いふくclothes居間いまliving room今にいまにbefore long, soon今にもいまにもat any time, soonイメージイメージone's image否いやno, the noes以来いらいsince, henceforth依頼いらいrequestいらいらいらいらgetting nervous, irritationいらっしゃいいらっしゃいwelcome医療いりょうmedical care, medical treatment岩いわrock祝いいわいcelebration, festival祝ういわうto congratulate, to celebrate言わばいわばso to speakいわゆるいわゆるthe so-called, so-to-speakインクインクink印刷いんさつprinting印象いんしょうimpression引退いんたいretirementインタビューインタビューinterview引用いんようquotation, citationウイスキーウイスキーwhiskey魚うおfishうがいうがいgargling受け取るうけとるto receive, to get, to accept動かすうごかすto move, to shift兎うさぎrabbit, hare牛うしcattle, cow失ううしなうto lose, to part with疑ううたがうto doubt, to distrust宇宙うちゅうuniverse, cosmos, space討つうつto attack, to avenge撃つうつto attack, to shootうっかりうっかりcarelessly映すうつすto project, to reflect, to cast (shadow)訴えるうったえるto complain, to appeal, to sue (a person)写るうつるto be photographed, to be projected映るうつるto be reflected, to come out (photo)うなるうなるto groan, to moan奪ううばうto rob, to deprive馬うまhorse生まれうまれbirth, birth-place有無うむyes or no, presence or absence梅うめplum, lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)埋めるうめるto bury, to fill up, to fill (a seat, a vacant position)裏切るうらぎるto betray, to turn traitor羨ましいうらやましいenvious, enviable売れるうれるto be sold噂うわさrumor, gossip運うんfortune, luck運転うんてんoperation, driving柄えhandle (of a sword, dagger, etc.), grip永遠えいえんeternity, perpetuity, immortality永久えいきゅうeternity, perpetuity, immortality影響えいきょうinfluence, effect営業えいぎょうbusiness, trade, management衛星えいせいsatellite栄養えいようnutrition, nourishment笑顔えがおsmile (on one's face)描くえがくto draw, to depict, to describe餌えさfeed, baitエネルギーエネルギーenergy (GER: energie)得るえるto get, to gain, to win, to learn円えんcircle, yen延期えんきpostponement, adjournment演技えんぎacting, performance援助えんじょassistance, aid, supportエンジンエンジンengine演説えんぜつspeech, address演奏えんそうmusical performance老いおいold age, the aged追い付くおいつくto overtake, to catch up (with)王おうking追うおうto chase, to run after応援おうえんaid, assistance, help王様おうさまking王子おうじprince応じるおうじるto adapt, to respond, to comply with横断おうだんcrossing終えるおえるto finish大いにおおいにmuch, considerably (same as 大変 (たいへん)), greatly覆うおおうto cover, to hide, to conceal大家おおやlandlord丘おかhill, height沖おきopen sea奥おくinterior, inner part贈るおくるto present, to give to, to award to起こるおこるto occur, to happen押えるおさえるto stop, to restrain, to press down幼いおさないvery young, childish収めるおさめるto store to pay, to supply納めるおさめるto store to pay, to supply治めるおさめるto govern, to manageお辞儀おじぎbowお洒落おしゃれsmartly dressed, fashion-consciousお喋りおしゃべりchattering, talk汚染おせんpollution, contamination恐らくおそらくperhaps恐れるおそれるto fear, to be afraid of恐ろしいおそろしいterrible, dreadful教わるおそわるto be taughtお互いおたがいmutual, reciprocal, each other穏やかおだやかcalm, gentle, quiet男の人おとこのひとman大人しいおとなしいobedient, docile, quiet劣るおとるto fall behind, to be inferior to鬼おにogre, demon, 'it' (e.g.,in a game of tag)帯おびband, sashお昼おひるlunch, noonオフィスオフィスoffice溺れるおぼれるto be drowned, to indulge inお前おまえyou (sing), presence (of a high personage)おめでとうおめでとうCongratulations!, an auspicious occasion!お目に掛かるおめにかかるmeet ~, see ~思い付くおもいつくto think of, to hit upon思い出おもいでmemories, recollections, reminiscence主におもにmainly, primarily思わずおもわずunintentional, spontaneous泳ぎおよぎswimmingおよそおよそabout, roughly, approximately及ぼすおよぼすto exert, to cause, to exercise下すおろすto lower, to let go down降ろすおろすto take down, to launch, to drop卸すおろすto sell wholesale, grated (vegetables)音おんsound, note恩おんfavor, obligation, debt of gratitude温暖おんだんwarmth温度おんどtemperature可かpassable蚊かmosquito課かdepartment, divisionカーカーcarカードカードcard, curd貝かいshell, shellfish害がいharm, damage会員かいいんmember, the membership絵画かいがpicture, painting海外かいがいforeign, abroad, overseas会計かいけいaccount, finance解決かいけつsettlement, solution, resolution会合かいごうmeeting, assembly外交がいこうdiplomacy開始かいしstart, commencement, beginning解釈かいしゃくexplanation, interpretation外出がいしゅつouting, going out改善かいぜんbetterment, improvement快適かいてきpleasant, agreeable回復かいふくrecovery (from illness), rehabilitation, restoration飼うかうto keep帰すかえすto send back代えるかえるto exchange, to interchange, to substitute替えるかえるto exchange, to interchange, to substitute換えるかえるto exchange, to interchange, to substitute反るかえるto warp, to be warped, to curve香りかおりaroma, fragrance画家がかpainter抱えるかかえるto hold or carry under or in the arms価格かかくprice, value化学かがくchemistry輝くかがやくto shine, to glitter, to sparkle係かかりperson in charge罹るかかるto suffer from限るかぎるto restrict, to limit, to confine掻くかくto scratch嗅ぐかぐto sniff, to smell家具かぐfurniture学がくlearning, knowledge額がくamount覚悟かくごresolution, resignation, readiness確実かくじつcertainty, reliability, soundness学者がくしゃscholar学習がくしゅうstudy, learning隠すかくすto hide, to conceal拡大かくだいmagnification, enlargement確認かくにんaffirmation, confirmation学問がくもんscholarship, study, learning隠れるかくれるto hide, to be hidden影かげshade, shadow, other side陰かげshade, shadow, other side欠けるかけるto be lacking加減かげんadjustment過去かこpast籠かごbasket, cage囲むかこむto surround, to encircle火災かさいconflagration, fire重なるかさなるto be piled up, lie on top of one another重ねるかさねるto pile up, to put something on another, to heap up飾りかざりdecoration貸しかしloan, lending菓子かしconfectionery, sweet家事かじhousehold matters賢いかしこいwise, clever, smart歌手かしゅsinger稼ぐかせぐto earn income, to labor数えるかぞえるto count型かたmold, model, style肩かたshoulder堅いかたいhard, firm, solid硬いかたいhard, firm, solid方々かたがたpersons片付くかたづくto put in order, to solve刀かたなsword, saber語るかたるto talk, to tell, to recite勝ちかちwin, victory価値かちvalue, worth, meritがっかりがっかりfeel disappointed, be dejected, lose heart活気かっきvigor楽器がっきmusical instrument学期がっきterm (school)活動かつどうaction, activity活躍かつやくactivity活用かつようconjugation仮定かていassumption, supposition, hypothesis過程かていprocess課程かていcourse, curriculum悲しむかなしむto be sad, to mourn for, to regret必ずしもかならずしも(not) always, (not) necessarilyかなりかなりconsiderably, fairly, quite金かねgold, metal鐘かねbell, chime可能かのうpossible, practicable, feasible株かぶstock被るかぶるto wear我慢がまんpatience, endurance, perseverance神かみgod雷かみなりthunder髪の毛かみのけhair (head)科目かもく(school) subject, curriculum, courseかもしれないかもしれないmaybe, perhapsかゆいかゆいitchy, itching歌謡かようsong, ballad空からempty殻からshell, husk, hull刈るかるto cut (hair), to mow (grass), to harvest河かわriver, stream皮かわskin, hide, leather革かわleather可愛そうかわいそうpoor, pitiable, pathetic可愛らしいかわいらしいlovely, sweet乾かすかわかすto dry渇くかわくto be thirsty代るかわるto take the place of, to relieve, to be substituted for缶かんcan, tin勘かんperception, intuition, the sixth sense考えかんがえthinking, thought, ideas感覚かんかくsense, sensation間隔かんかくspace, interval, SPC観客かんきゃくaudience, spectator(s)環境かんきょうenvironment, circumstance歓迎かんげいwelcome, reception観光かんこうsightseeing観察かんさつobservation, survey感じかんじfeeling, sense, impression感謝かんしゃthanks, gratitude患者かんじゃpatient勘定かんじょうcalculation, counting, consideration感情かんじょうemotion(s), feeling(s), sentiment感じるかんじるto feel, to sense感心かんしんadmiration関心かんしんconcern, interest関するかんするto concern, to be related完成かんせいcomplete, completion完全かんぜんperfection, completeness乾燥かんそうdry, arid, dehydrated感想かんそう(one's) impressions, (one's) thoughts感動かんどうbeing deeply moved, excitement監督かんとくsupervision, control, (movie) director管理かんりcontrol, management (e.g., of a business)完了かんりょうcompletion, conclusion関連かんれんrelation, connection, relevance議員ぎいんmember of the Diet, congress, or parliament記憶きおくmemory, recollection, remembrance気温きおんtemperature (weather - not used for things)機械きかいmachine, machinery器械きかいinstrument議会ぎかいDiet, congress, parliament期間きかんperiod, term機関きかんengine企業きぎょうindustry, business, undertaking効くきくto be effective期限きげんdeadline, term機嫌きげんhumor, temper, mood気候きこうclimate岸きしbank, coast, shore生地きじfabric記事きじarticle, news story技師ぎしengineer, technician記者きしゃreporter傷きずwound, injury, hurt期待きたいexpectation, anticipation, hope気体きたいvapor, gas帰宅きたくreturning home貴重きちょうprecious, valuable議長ぎちょうchairmanきちんときちんとprecisely, accuratelyきついきついtight, close, intense気付くきづくto notice, to recognize, to become aware of気に入るきにいるto like, to be please記入きにゅうentry, filling in of forms記念きねんcommemoration, memory機能きのうfunction, faculty気の毒きのどくpitiful, a pity寄付きふcontribution, donation希望きぼうhope, wish, aspiration基本きほんbasic, basis決まりきまりsettlement, conclusion, rule気味きみ-like, -looking, -looked奇妙きみょうstrange, queer, curious義務ぎむduty, obligation, responsibility疑問ぎもんquestion, problem, doubt逆ぎゃくreverse, oppositeキャプテンキャプテンcaptainキャンプキャンプcamp旧きゅうex-級きゅうclass, grade, rank球きゅうglobe, sphere, ball休暇きゅうかvacation, holiday, day off休憩きゅうけいrest, break, intermission急激きゅうげきsudden, precipitous, radical吸収きゅうしゅうabsorption, suction救助きゅうじょrelief, aid, rescue急速きゅうそくrapid (e.g., progress)休息きゅうそくrest, relief, relaxation急にきゅうにsuddenly給料きゅうりょうsalary, wages器用きようskillful, handy教科書きょうかしょtextbook競技きょうぎgame, match, contest行儀ぎょうぎmanners供給きょうきゅうsupply, provision教授きょうじゅteaching, instruction強調きょうちょうemphasis, stress, stressed point共通きょうつうcommonness, mutual共同きょうどうcooperation, association, collaboration恐怖きょうふfear, terror協力きょうりょくcooperation, collaboration強力きょうりょくpowerful, strong許可きょかpermission, approval局きょくoffice, bureau, station(TV, radio)巨大きょだいhuge, gigantic, enormous嫌うきらうto hate, to dislike, to loathe霧きりfog, mist切れきれcloth, piece, cut切れるきれるto cut well, to be sharp記録きろくrecord, minutes, document議論ぎろんargument, discussion, dispute銀ぎんsilver禁煙きんえんNo Smoking金額きんがくamount of money金庫きんこsafe, vault禁止きんしprohibition, ban金銭きんせんmoney, cash金属きんぞくmetal近代きんだいmodern times緊張きんちょうtension, mental strain, nervousness筋肉きんにくmuscle, sinews金融きんゆうfinance, money and banking句くphrase食うくう(male) (vulg.) to eat偶然ぐうぜん(by) chance, unexpectedly臭いくさいstinky, smelly, bad-smelling鎖くさりchain腐るくさるto rot, to go bad癖くせa habit (often a bad habit), peculiarity管くだpipe, tube具体ぐたいconcrete, tangible, material下りくだりdown-train (going away from Tokyo)下るくだるto get down, to descend苦痛くつうpain, agonyぐっすりぐっすりsound asleep, fast asleep区別くべつdistinction, differentiation, classification組くみclass, team, set組合くみあいassociation, union組むくむto put together汲むくむto draw, to scoop, to pump酌むくむto serve sake悔しいくやしいregrettable, mortifying, vexing位くらいgrade, rank, about暮らしくらしlivingクラシッククラシックclassic(s)暮らすくらすto live, to get alongグラスグラスglassグランドグランドgland, grand, (electrical) groundクリームクリームcream繰り返すくりかえすto repeat, to do something over againクリスマスクリスマスChristmas狂うくるうto go mad, to get out of orderグループグループgroup苦しいくるしいtough苦しむくるしむto suffer, to groan, to be worried暮れくれyear end,苦労くろうhardship加えるくわえるto append, to sum up, to add (up)咥えるくわえるto hold something in the mouth詳しいくわしいdetailed加わるくわわるto join in, to accede to訓くんnative Japanese reading of a Chinese character軍ぐんarmy, force, troops郡ぐんcountry, district軍隊ぐんたいarmy, troops訓練くんれんpractice, training計けいplan敬意けいいrespect, honor経営けいえいmanagement, administration景気けいきcondition, state, business (condition)傾向けいこうtendency, trend, inclination警告けいこくwarning計算けいさんcalculation, reckoning掲示けいじnotice, bulletin刑事けいじcriminal case, (police) detective芸術げいじゅつ(fine) art, the arts契約けいやくcontract, compact, agreement経由けいゆgo by the way, viaケースケースcaseゲームゲームgame劇げきdrama, play劇場げきじょうtheater, playhouse化粧けしょうmake-up (cosmetic)けちけちstinginess, miser血液けつえきblood結果けっかresult, consequence欠陥けっかんdefect, fault, deficiency結局けっきょくafter all, eventually決心けっしんdetermination, resolution欠席けっせきabsence, non-attendance決定けっていdecision, determination欠点けってんfaults, defect, weakness結論けつろんconclusion煙けむりsmoke, fumes蹴るけるto kick券けんticket, certificate県けんprefecture見解けんかいopinion, point of view限界げんかいlimit, bound現金げんきんcash言語げんごlanguage健康けんこうhealth(y)検査けんさinspection, examination現在げんざいnow (same as 今 (いま)), present, current現実げんじつreality現象げんしょうphenomenon現状げんじょうpresent condition, status quo建設けんせつconstruction, foundation現代げんだいtoday, present-day建築けんちくconstruction, architecture見当けんとうestimate, guess検討けんとうconsideration, examination, investigation現場げんばactual spot, scene, field憲法けんぽうconstitution権利けんりright, privilege後ごafterwards, since then碁ごGo (board game of capturing territory)恋こいlove, tender passion濃いこいthick (as of color, liquid), dense, strong恋人こいびとlover幸運こううんgood luck, fortune講演こうえんlecture, talk効果こうかeffect, result硬貨こうかcoin高価こうかhigh price豪華ごうかluxurious, gorgeous, extravagance合格ごうかくsuccess, passing (e.g., exam)交換こうかんexchange, swap航空こうくうaviation, flying光景こうけいscene, spectacle合計ごうけいsum total, total amount攻撃こうげきattack, strike, offensive貢献こうけんcontribution, services広告こうこくadvertisement交際こうさいfriendship, association, acquaintance校舎こうしゃschool building後者こうしゃthe latter工場こうばfactory, plant公正こうせいjustice, fairness, impartiality構成こうせいorganization, composition高速こうそくhigh speed, high gear行動こうどうaction, conduct, behavior強盗ごうとうrobbery, burglary後輩こうはいjunior members of a group幸福こうふくhappiness, blessedness公平こうへいfairness, impartial, justice候補こうほcandidacy考慮こうりょconsideration, taking into account越えるこえるto exceed, to cross over, to cross超えるこえるto exceed, to cross over, to crossコーチコーチcoachコードコードcode氷こおりice, hail凍るこおるto freeze, to be frozen over, to congealゴールゴールgoal誤解ごかいmisunderstanding語学ごがくlanguage study呼吸こきゅうbreath, respiration故郷こきょうhometown極ごくquite, very国語こくごnational language国籍こくせきnationality黒板こくばんblackboard克服こくふくconquest, overcome国民こくみんnational, people, citizen穀物こくもつgrain, cereal, corn腰こしhip, waist胡椒こしょうpepper個人こじんindividual, private person越すこすto go over (e.g., with audience)超すこすto cross, to pass, to tide over国家こっかstate, country, nation国会こっかいNational Diet, parliament, congress国境こっきょうnational or state border骨折こっせつbone fracture小包こづつみparcel, package琴ことJapanese harp異なることなるto differ, to vary諺ことわざproverb, saying断ることわるto refuse, to decline, to dismiss粉こなflour, powder好みこのみliking, taste, choice好むこのむto like, to preferこぼすこぼすto spillこぼれるこぼれるto overflow, to spill塵ごみgarbage, litter小麦こむぎwheatごめんなさいごめんなさいI beg your pardon, excuse me, I'm sorry小屋こやhut, cabin, shedこれらこれらthese殺すころすto kill転ぶころぶto fall down, to fall over今回こんかいnow, this time, lately今後こんごfrom now on, hereafter混雑こんざつconfusion, congestionこんなにこんなにso, like this, in this way困難こんなんdifficulty, distress今日こんにちtoday, this dayこんにちはこんにちはhello, good day (daytime greeting)婚約こんやくengagement, betrothal混乱こんらんchaos, confusion, mayhem差さdifference, variationサービスサービスservice, support system際さいon the occasion of, circumstances最高さいこうhighest, supreme, the most財産ざいさんproperty, fortune, assets最終さいしゅうlast, closing最中さいちゅうin the middle of最低さいていleast, lowest, worst才能さいのうtalent, ability裁判さいばんtrial, judgment材料ざいりょうingredients, material幸いさいわいfortunatelyサインサインautograph境さかいborder, boundary, mental state逆らうさからうto go against, to oppose, to disobey盛りさかりhelping, serving作業さぎょうwork, operation, manufacturing裂くさくto tear, to split昨さくlast (year), yesterday作品さくひんwork, opus, production作物さくもつproduce (e.g., agricultural), crops桜さくらcherry blossom, cherry tree酒さけalcohol, sake叫ぶさけぶto shout, to cry避けるさけるto avoid (physical contact)支えるささえるsupport, hold, sustain刺さるささるto stick, to be stuck刺すさすto sting, to bite (e.g., bug), to prick, to stab指すさすto point,挿すさすto insert, to put in, to graft注すさすto pour (drink), to serve (drinks)射すさすto shine, to strike座席ざせきseat誘うさそうto invite (someone to do something with you)札さつbill, note作家さっかauthor, writer, novelist作曲さっきょくcomposition (of music)ざっとざっとroughly, in round numbersさっぱりさっぱりfeeling refreshed, neatさてさてwell砂漠さばくdesert差別さべつdiscrimination, differentiationママママMama豆まめbeans, peas守るまもるto protect迷うまようto be puzzled, to be perplexed, to lose one's way丸まるcircle, full (month)まるでまるでjust like万一まんいちby some chance, if by any chance満足まんぞくsatisfaction身みbody, main part実みfruit, seed, good result見送りみおくりseeing one off味方みかたally, supporter見事みごとsplendid, magnificentミスミスmiss (mistake, error, failure), Miss満ちるみちるto be full, to mature密みつthick, close認めるみとめるto recognize, to notice見舞いみまいexpression of sympathy, expression of concern土産みやげsouvenir都みやこcity妙みょうstrange, unusual明後日みょうごにちday after tomorrow未来みらいfuture (life tense)魅力みりょくcharm, fascination, appeal診るみるto examine (a patient)ミルクミルクmilk無むnothing, naught, zero向かいむかいfacing, opposite, across迎えむかえmeeting, person sent to pick up an arrival向くむくto face剥くむくto peel, to skin向けるむけるto turn towards, to point無視むしdisregard, ignore蒸し暑いむしあついhumid, sultry虫歯むしばcavity, tooth decay寧ろむしろrather, better, instead蒸すむすto steam, to poultice, to be sultry結ぶむすぶto tie, to bind, to link無駄むだfutility, uselessness夢中むちゅうcrush, crazy, be hooked on胸むねbreast, chest無料むりょうfree, no charge芽めsprout明確めいかくclear, definite名刺めいし(name) card名詞めいしnoun命じるめいじるto order, to command, to appoint名人めいじんmaster, expert命令めいれいorder, command, decree迷惑めいわくtrouble, bother, annoyance目上めうえperson of higher status飯めしmeals, food滅多にめったにrarely (with neg. verb), seldomメモメモmemorandum, note面めんface, mug, surface, side or facet, corner, page綿めんcotton免許めんきょlicense, permit, certificate面接めんせつinterview面倒めんどうtrouble, attentionメンバーメンバーmember申し込むもうしこむto apply for, to make an application申し訳もうしわけapology, excuse毛布もうふblanket燃えるもえるto burn目的もくてきpurpose, goal, aim目標もくひょうmark, objective, target文字もじletter (of alphabet), characterもしかするともしかするとperhaps, maybe, by some chanceもしももしもif持ち上げるもちあげるto raise, to lift up, to flatter用いるもちいるto use, to make use ofもったいないもったいないwasteful尤ももっともquite right, plausible, natural元もとorigin, original基もとbasis素もとprime戻すもどすto restore, to put back, to return基づくもとづくto be grounded on, to be based on求めるもとめるto request, to ask for者ものperson (same as 人 (ひと))物音ものおとsounds物語ものがたりtale, story, legend物事ものごとthings, everything燃やすもやすto burn模様もようpattern, figure, design文句もんくa complaintやがてやがてbefore long, soon, at length役やくrole, position約やくapproximately, about, some訳やくtranslation訳すやくすto translate役割やくわりassigning (allotment of) parts, role, duties家賃やちんrent厄介やっかいtrouble, burden, care宿やどinn, lodging雇うやとうto employ, to hire屋根やねroof破るやぶるto tear破れるやぶれるto get torn, to wear out辞めるやめるto retireややややa little, partially, somewhat唯一ゆいいつonly, sole, unique勇気ゆうきcourage, bravery, boldness友好ゆうこうfriendship有効ゆうこうvalid, effectual優秀ゆうしゅうsuperiority, excellence優勝ゆうしょうoverall victory, championship友情ゆうじょうfriendship, fellowship友人ゆうじんfriend (formal)有能ゆうのうable, capable, efficient郵便ゆうびんmail, postal serviceユーモアユーモアhumor有利ゆうりadvantageous, better床ゆかfloor愉快ゆかいpleasant, happy譲るゆずるto turn over, to assign, to hand over豊かゆたかabundant, wealthy, plentiful, rich茹でるゆでるto boil許すゆるすto permit, to allow, to approve夜よevening, night夜明けよあけdawn, daybreak酔うようto get drunk容易よういeasy, simple, plain容器ようきcontainer, vessel陽気ようきseason, weather, cheerfulness要求ようきゅうrequest, demand用心ようじんcare, precaution, caution様子ようすaspect, state, appearance要するにようするにin a word, after all, in short …要素ようそelement要点ようてんgist, main point曜日ようびday of the weekヨーロッパヨーロッパEurope予期よきexpectation, forecast横切るよこぎるto cross (e.g., arms), to traverse汚すよごすto pollute, to make dirty予算よさんestimate, budget止すよすto cease, to give up寄せるよせるto collect, to gather, to put aside予測よそくprediction, estimationヨットヨットyacht夜中よなかmidnight, dead of night世の中よのなかsociety, the world余分よぶんextra, excess, surplus予報よほうforecast, prediction予防よぼうprevention, protection against読みよみreading嫁よめbride, daughter-in-law余裕よゆうexcessよりよりtwist, ply因るよるto come from喜びよろこびjoy, pleasure, rejoicingよろしく (かん)よろしく (かん)best regards, please remember me四よんfour来らい～next ~ライターライターlighter楽らくcomfort, easeラケットラケットracket利益りえきprofits, gains理解りかいunderstanding, comprehension陸りくland, shore利口りこうclever, shrewd, bright離婚りこんdivorce理想りそうideal率りつrate, ratio, percentage留学りゅうがくstudying abroad流行りゅうこうfashionable, fad, prevailing量りょうquantity, amount寮りょうhostel, dormitory両替りょうがえchange, money exchange料金りょうきんfee, charge, fare例れいinstance, example, case礼れいexpression of gratitude例外れいがいexception礼儀れいぎmanners, courtesy, etiquette冷静れいせいcalm, coolness列れつqueue, line, row列車れっしゃtrain (ordinary)レベルレベルlevel連想れんそうassociation (of ideas), suggestion連続れんぞくconsecutive, continuity, continuing老人ろうじんthe aged, old person労働ろうどうlabor, workロケットロケットlocket, rocket論じるろんじるto argue, to discuss論争ろんそうcontroversy, dispute論文ろんぶんthesis, paper輪わring, hoop, circleワインワインwineわがままわがままselfishness, egoism, willfulness別れわかれparting, separation, farewell分かれるわかれるto branch off, to diverge from脇わきside湧くわくto boil, to grow hot分けるわけるto divide, to separateわざとわざとon purpose僅かわずかonly, merely, a little話題わだいtopic, subject笑いわらいlaugh, laughter, smile割るわるto divide, to break悪口わるくちabuse, insult我々われわれwe湾わんbay, gulf, inlet椀わんbowl碗わんbowl悪あくevil, vice当りあたりhit, success, reaching the markアップアップup宛てるあてるto address, to putアンケートアンケートquestionnaire (FRE: enquete), survey異いobjection意いwill医院いいんdoctor's office (surgery), clinic怒りいかりanger粋いきchic, style, purity意地いじdisposition, spirit, obstinacy, appetite依然いぜんstill, as yet傷めるいためるto damage, to impair, to spoil炒めるいためるto stir-fry一帯いったいa region, the whole place異動いどうa change, transfer衣料いりょうclothing渦うずswirl埋まるうまるto be buried, to be filled産むうむto give birth (v.t.), to deliver, to produce縁えんchance, tie, relationship尾おtail, ridge負うおうto bear, to owe遅れおくれdelay, lag教えおしえteachings, doctrine驚きおどろきsurprise, astonishment, wonder織るおるto weave欠くかくto lack, to crack核かくnucleus, kernel格かくstatus, character, case学歴がくれきacademic background駆けるかけるto run賭けるかけるto bet, to risk, to gamble課題かだいsubject, theme, task片付けかたづけtidying up, finishing加味かみseasoning, flavoring借りかりborrowing, debt, loan狩りかりhunting～観かんfeeling, view癌がんcancer刊行かんこうpublication, issue慣行かんこうcustomary practice, habit, traditional event歓声かんせいcheer, shout of joy官僚かんりょうbureaucrat, bureaucracy器官きかんorgan (of body, instrument)季刊きかんquarterly (e.g., magazine)起源きげんorigin, beginning, rise機構きこうmechanism, organization築くきずくto build, to establish規制きせいregulation丘陵きゅうりょうhill協議きょうぎconference, discussion, negotiation享受きょうじゅenjoyment, being given協調きょうちょうco-operation, conciliation, harmony切りきりlimits, place to leave off菌きんgerm, bacterium近視きんしnearsightedness苦くtrouble, worry, difficulty群ぐんgroup刑けいpenalty, sentence, punishment経緯けいいsequence of events, course計器けいきmeter, gauge契機けいきopportunity, chance携帯けいたいcarrying something形態けいたいform, shape, figure血管けっかんblood vessel決行けっこうdoing (with resolve), carrying out (e.g., a plan)件けんmatter, case, item減少げんしょうdecrease, reduction, decline公演こうえんpublic performance後悔こうかいregret, repentance航海こうかいsail, voyage拘束こうそくrestriction, restraint荒廃こうはいruin降伏こうふくcapitulation, surrender, submission興奮こうふんexcitement, stimulation語句ごくwords, phrases個々ここindividual, one by one故人こじんthe deceased小銭こぜにcoins, small changeことによるとことによると(depending on the circumstances)コンテストコンテストcontest採集さいしゅうcollecting, gathering作さくa work, a harvest策さくplan, policy設備せつびequipment, device, facilities絶滅ぜつめつdestruction, extinction節約せつやくeconomizing, saving攻めるせめるto attack, to assault責めるせめるto condemn, to blame, to criticize善ぜんgood, virtue全ぜんall, whole, entire全員ぜんいんall members専攻せんこうmajor subject, special study全国ぜんこくthe entire nation, country-wide, nation-wide洗剤せんざいdetergent先日せんじつthe other day, a few days ago前者ぜんしゃthe former選手せんしゅplayer selected for a team (usually athletic)全身ぜんしんthe whole body, full-length (portrait)前進ぜんしんadvance, drive, progressセンターセンターcenter全体ぜんたいwhole, entirety, whatever (is the matter)選択せんたくselection, choice宣伝せんでんadvertisement, publicity象ぞうelephant騒音そうおんnoise増加ぞうかincrease, addition操作そうさoperation, management, processing想像そうぞうimagination, guess相続そうぞくsuccession, inheritance装置そうちequipment, installation, apparatus相当そうとうconsiderably, fairly速度そくどspeed, velocity, rate底そこbottom, soleそこでそこでso (conj.), accordingly組織そしきorganizationそしてそしてand then注ぐそそぐto pour (into)育つそだつto be brought up, to grow (up)そっくりそっくりthe splitting image ofそっとそっとsoftly, gently袖そでsleeve備えるそなえるto prepare, to furnish, to store具えるそなえるto be furnished withそのうえそのうえin addition, furthermoreそのうちそのうちbefore long, eventually, sooner or laterそのままそのままwithout change, as it is (e.g., now)蕎麦そばsoba (buckwheat noodles)ソファーソファーsofa, couch粗末そまつhumble, miserable, crudeそれぞれそれぞれeach, every, respectivelyそれでもそれでもbut (still), and yet, neverthelessそれとそれとandそれともそれともor, or else揃うそろうto become complete, to be equal揃えるそろえるto put things in order, to arrange損そんloss, disadvantage損害そんがいdamage, loss尊敬そんけいrespect, reverence, honor存在そんざいexistence, being尊重そんちょうrespect, esteem, regard田たrice field他たother (esp. places and things)対たいpair, couple, set大だいbig, great題だいtitle, subject, theme体育たいいくphysical education, gymnastics, athletics体温たいおんtemperature (body)大会たいかいconvention, (big) tournament, mass meeting大気たいきatmosphere代金だいきんprice, cost退屈たいくつtedium, boring滞在たいざいstay, sojourn大使たいしambassador大したたいしたsignificant, great, considerable体重たいじゅう(body) weight対象たいしょうtarget対照たいしょうcontrast, antithesis, comparison大臣だいじんcabinet minister対するたいするto face, to confront, to oppose大戦たいせんgreat war, great battle態度たいどattitude, manner大統領だいとうりょうpresident大半たいはんmost of, majority, mostly代表だいひょうrepresentative, delegation大部分だいぶぶんmost part, majorityタイプライタータイプライターtypewriter逮捕たいほarrest, apprehension, capture題名だいめいtitleダイヤダイヤ(railway) schedule太陽たいようsun平らたいらflatness, level, smooth代理だいりrepresentation, proxy, deputy大陸たいりくcontinent倒すたおすto throw down, to beatタオルタオル(hand) towelだがだがbut, however互いたがいmutual, each other高めるたかめるto raise, to lift, to boost宝たからtreasure宅たくhouse, home炊くたくto boil, to cook焚くたくto burn, to kindle, to build a fireだけどだけどhoweverたしかたしかcertain, sure, if I remember correctly確かめるたしかめるto ascertain, to make sure多少たしょうa little (same as 少し (すこし))助かるたすかるto be saved助けるたすけるto help (v.t.), to save, to rescueただただfree of charge只ただfree of charge, mere, only唯ただmere, sole, plain戦いたたかいbattle, fight戦うたたかうto fight, to compete, to battle叩くたたくto strike, to beat直ちにただちにat once, immediately畳むたたむto fold (clothes)立ち上がるたちあがるto stand up立場たちばstandpoint, position, situation建つたつto stand経つたつ(time) passes達するたっするto reach, to get toだってだってbut, because, evenたっぷりたっぷりfull, in plenty, ampleたとえたとえeven if, no matter, though谷たにvalley他人たにんunrelated person, stranger種たねseed束たばbunch, bundle足袋たびJapanese socks (with split toe)度たびcounter for occurrences旅たびtravel, trip, journeyたびたびたびたびoften, repeatedly, frequently玉たまball, sphere, coin弾たまbullet, shot偶たまeven number, couple, friend騙すだますto trick, to cheat, to deceive偶々たまたまunexpectedly, accidentally, by chanceたまらないたまらないintolerable, unbearable, unendurable溜まるたまるto collect, to gather, to accumulate黙るだまるto be silent試しためしtrial, test試すためすto attempt, to test溜めるためるto accumulate, to collect便りたよりnews, correspondence, letter頼るたよるto rely on, to have recourse to, to depend on段だんstep, stair, grade単位たんいcredit (for a course in school)単語たんごword男子だんしyoung man単純たんじゅんsimplicity誕生たんじょうbirthダンスダンスdance団体だんたいorganization, association担当たんとう(in) charge単なるたんなるmere, simple, sheer単にたんにsimply, merely地ちearth地位ちい(social) position, status地域ちいきarea, regionチーズチーズcheeseチームチームteam知恵ちえwisdom, wit, intelligence地下ちかbasement, underground違いちがいdifference, discrepancy違いないちがいない(phrase) sure, no mistaking it, for certain近頃ちかごろlately, recently, nowadays地球ちきゅうthe earth地区ちくdistrict, section遅刻ちこくlateness, late coming知事ちじprefectural governor知識ちしきknowledge, information父親ちちおやfather知能ちのうintelligence, brains地平線ちへいせんhorizon地方ちほうarea, locality, region茶ちゃteaチャンスチャンスchance, opportunityちゃんとちゃんとperfectly, properly, exactly中ちゅうinside, middle, among注ちゅうannotation, explanatory note中央ちゅうおうcentral, center, middle中学ちゅうがくmiddle school, junior high school中古ちゅうこused, second-hand中止ちゅうしsuspension, stoppage, discontinuance駐車ちゅうしゃparking (e.g., car)昼食ちゅうしょくlunch (same as 昼ご飯 (ひるごはん))中心ちゅうしんcenter, core注目ちゅうもくnotice, attention, observation注文ちゅうもんorder, request長期ちょうきlong time period調査ちょうさsurvey調子ちょうしcondition, state, tune, tone頂上ちょうじょうtop, summit, peakちょうだいちょうだい-- colloquial form of ください貯金ちょきん(bank) savings直接ちょくせつdirect, immediate, firsthand著者ちょしゃauthor, writer散らすちらすto scatter, to disperse, to distribute散るちるto fall, to scatter (e.g., blossoms)遂についにfinally, at last通過つうかpassage through, passing通貨つうかcurrency通学つうがくcommuting to school通勤つうきんcommuting to work通行つうこうpassage, passing通じるつうじるto run to, to lead to, to communicate通信つうしんcorrespondence, communications通訳つうやくinterpretation捕まるつかまるto be arrested掴むつかむto seize, to catch, to grasp疲れつかれtiredness, fatigue付き合いつきあいsocialization付合うつきあうto associate with, to keep company with, to get on with次々つぎつぎin succession, one by one付くつくto adjoin, to be attached, to adhere就くつくto settle in (place), to take (seat position), to study (under teacher)突くつくto thrust, to strike次ぐつぐto rank next to, to come after付けるつけるto attach, to join, to add着けるつけるto put on, to wear伝わるつたわるto be handed down, to be transmitted土つちearth, soil続きつづきsequel, continuation包みつつみbundle, package勤めつとめwork, employment務めつとめduty繋がるつながるto be connected to, to be related to繋ぐつなぐto tie, to fasten, to connect繋げるつなげるto connect常につねにalways (same as いつも) (written expression)翼つばさwingsつまりつまりnamely罪つみcrime, fault, indiscretion積むつむto pile up, to stack詰めるつめるto pack, to shorten, to work out (details)積もるつもるto pile up梅雨つゆrainy season辛いつらいpainful, heart-breaking釣つりfishing連れつれcompanion, company出でoutflow, coming (going) out, graduate (of)出会いであいmeeting, rendezvous, encounter出合いであいan encounter出会うであうto meet by chance, to come across, to happen to encounter提案ていあんproposal, proposition, suggestion定期ていきfixed term抵抗ていこうresistance, opposition提出ていしゅつpresentation, submission, filing停電ていでんfailure of electricity程度ていどdegree, amount, level停留所ていりゅうじょbus or tram stopデートデートdate (in the sense of 'social engagement' only)敵てきenemy, rival出来事できごとincident happening, event適するてきするto fit, to suit適切てきせつappropriate, adequate, relevance適度てきどmoderate適用てきようapplyingできればできればif possible…手品てじなconjuring trick, magicですからですからtherefore鉄てつiron哲学てつがくphilosophy手伝いてつだいhelp, helper, assistant徹底てっていthoroughness, completeness鉄道てつどうrailway徹夜てつやstaying up all night, sleepless night手間てまtime, laborデモデモdemo, demonstration典型てんけいtype, pattern, archetypal天候てんこうweather電子でんしelectronテントテントtent伝統でんとうtradition, convention天然てんねんnature, spontaneity問いといquestion, query党とうparty (political)塔とうtower, pagoda答案とうあんexamination paper, examination script同一どういつidentity, sameness, similarity銅貨どうかcopper coin当時とうじat that time, in those days (same as そのころ)動詞どうしverb同時どうじsimultaneous(ly), same timeどうしてもどうしてもat any cost, no matter what, no matter how hard one triesどうぞよろしくどうぞよろしくpleased to meet you到着とうちゃくarrival道徳どうとくmorals投票とうひょうvoting, poll東洋とうようOrient同様どうようidentical, same (kind), like童謡どうようchildren's song, nursery rhyme同僚どうりょうcolleague道路どうろroad通すとおすto let pass, to overlook, to continue通り過ぎるとおりすぎるto pass, to pass through都会とかいcity溶くとくto dissolve (paint)解くとくto unfasten退くどくto retreat, to recede, to withdraw毒どくpoison, toxicant得意とくいpride, triumph, prosperity読書どくしょreading独身どくしんsingle, unmarried特徴とくちょうcharacteristic(s)特長とくちょうforte, merit独特どくとくpeculiarity, uniqueness, characteristic独立どくりつindependence (e.g., Ind. Day), self-support溶けるとけるto melt, to thaw, to dissolve解けるとけるto come untied, to come apartどこかどこかsomewhere, anywhereところがところがhowever, while, even ifところでところでby the way登山とざんmountain-climbing都市としtown, city, urban年月としつきmonths and years図書としょbooks年寄としよりold people, the aged閉じるとじるto close (e.g., book, eyes), to shut途端とたんjust (now, at the moment, etc.)土地とちplot of land, lot, soil突然とつぜんabruptly, suddenly, unexpectedlyトップトップtop届くとどくto reachとにかくとにかくanyhow, at any rate, anyway飛ばすとばすto skip over, to omit飛び出すとびだすto jump out, to rush out, to fly out留めるとめるto fasten, to turn off, to detain泊めるとめるto have someone stay (over night) (v.t.)友ともfriend, companion, pal共にともにsharing with, participate in虎とらtigerドライブドライブdrive, drivingトラックトラックtruckドラマドラマdramaトランプトランプplaying cards (lit: trump)取り上げるとりあげるto take up, to pick up努力どりょくgreat effort, exertion, endeavorトレーニングトレーニングtrainingドレスドレスdress取れるとれるto come off, to be taken off泥どろmudトントンton (1000 lbs.)とんでもないとんでもないoutrageous, No way!どんなにどんなにhow, how muchトンネルトンネルtunnel名なname, reputation内容ないようsubject, contents, detailなおなおstill, yet仲なかrelation, relationship流すながすto drain, to float, to shed (e.g., blood, tears)半ばなかばmiddle, halfway仲間なかまcompany, fellow, colleague, associate中身なかみcontent(s)中味なかみcontents, interior, filling眺めながめscene眺めるながめるto view, to gaze at流れながれstream, current流れるながれるto flow, to be washed away亡くすなくすto lose someone殴るなぐるto strike無しなしwithoutなぜならなぜならbecause謎なぞriddle, puzzle, enigma納得なっとくconsent, assent, understanding何かなにかsomethingなにもなにもnothing鍋なべsaucepan, pot怠けるなまけるto be idle, to neglect波なみwave涙なみだtear悩むなやむto agonize, to be troubled鳴らすならすto ring, to sound生るなるto bear fruit馴れるなれるto become domesticated, to become tame縄なわrope何でなんでWhy, What for何でもなんでもby all means, everything何とかなんとかsomehow, anyhow, one way or another似合うにあうto suit (a person), to match (clothing), (something) becomes (someone)煮えるにえるto boil, to cook, to be cooked苦手にがてpoor (at), weak (in), dislike (of)握るにぎるto grasp, to seize, to mold sushi日にちday日常にちじょうordinary, regular, everyday日光にっこうsunlight日中にっちゅうdaytime, broad daylightにっこりにっこりsmile sweetly, smile, grin日本にっぽんJapan入場にゅうじょうentrance, admission, entering煮るにるto boil, to cook人気にんきpopularity人間にんげんhuman being, person抜くぬくto extract, to omit, to unplug抜けるぬけるto come out, to fall out, to be omitted布ぬのcloth濡らすぬらすto wet, to soak根ねroot値ねvalue, price, cost願いねがいdesire, wish, request願うねがうto desire, to wish, to request鼠ねずみmouse, rat熱帯ねったいtropics熱中ねっちゅうenthusiasm, zeal, mania年間ねんかんyear年中ねんじゅうwhole year, always, everyday年代ねんだいage, era, period年齢ねんれいage, years野のfield能のうbeing skilled in, nicely, properly農家のうかfarmer, farm family農業のうぎょうagriculture農民のうみんfarmers, peasants能力のうりょくability, facultyノーノーno軒のきeaves残すのこすto leave (behind, over), to save, to reserve残りのこりremaining, left-over乗せるのせるto place on (something), to take on board載せるのせるto place on (something)覗くのぞくto peek in, to look in除くのぞくto remove, to exclude, to except望みのぞみwish, desire, (a) hope望むのぞむto desire, to wish forノックノックknock伸ばすのばすto extend, to stretch, to reach out延ばすのばすto extend, to stretch, to reach out伸びるのびるto extend, to make progress, to grow延びるのびるto be prolonged述べるのべるto state, to express, to mention上るのぼるto ascend, to go up, to climb昇るのぼるto arise, to ascend, to go up載るのるto appear (in print), to be recordedのんびりのんびりcarefree, at leisure場ばplace, field (physics)はあ (かん)はあ (かん)(sigh)パーセントパーセントpercent灰はいashバイオリンバイオリンviolinハイキングハイキングhiking配達はいたつdelivery, distributionパイプパイプpipe俳優はいゆうactor, actress, performerパイロットパイロットpilot生えるはえるto grow, to spring up墓はかgrave, tomb馬鹿ばかfool, idiot博士はかせdoctorate, PhD., doctor計るはかるto measure, to weigh, to survey量るはかるto measure, to weigh, to survey測るはかるto measure, to weigh, to survey掃くはくto sweep, to brush, to gather up吐くはくto throw up, to vomit拍手はくしゅclapping hands, applause莫大ばくだいenormous, vast爆発ばくはつexplosion, detonation, eruption博物館はくぶつかんmuseum激しいはげしいviolent, vehement, intenseはさみはさみscissors破産はさん(personal) bankruptcy端はしend (e.g., of street), edge, margin始まりはじまりorigin, beginningパスパスpath, pass (in games)外すはずすto unfasten, to removeパスポートパスポートpassport外れるはずれるto be disconnected, to be out (e.g., of gear)旗はたflag肌はだskin裸はだかnaked, nude畑はたけfield, patch働きはたらきwork, laborバッグバッグbag発見はっけんdiscovery, detection, finding発行はっこうissue (publications)発車はっしゃdeparture of a vehicle発射はっしゃfiring, shooting, discharge罰するばっするto punish, to penalize発達はったつdevelopment, growthばったりばったり(to meet) by chance発展はってんdevelopment, growth, progress発表はっぴょうannouncement発明はつめいinvention派手はでshowy, flashy, gaudy話し合うはなしあうto discuss, to talk together離すはなすto part, to separate放すはなすto separate, to set free離れるはなれる(something, someone) separates放れるはなれるto leave, to get free, to cut oneself off羽はねwing羽根はねfeather幅はばwidth, breadth母親ははおやmother省くはぶくto omit, to eliminate場面ばめんscene, setting (e.g., of novel)流行るはやるto be popular, to come into fashion腹はらabdomen, belly, stomach原はらfield, plainバランスバランスbalance針はりneedle, hand (e.g., clock)範囲はんいextent, scope, range反抗はんこうopposition, resistance犯罪はんざいcrimeハンサムハンサムhandsome反省はんせいreflection, reconsideration, regret判断はんだんjudgment, decision犯人はんにんoffender, criminal販売はんばいsale, selling, marketing灯ひlightビールビールbeer被害ひがいdamage比較ひかくcomparisonピクニックピクニックpicnic悲劇ひげきtragedy飛行ひこうaviation, flight膝ひざknee, lap非常ひじょうemergency, extraordinary, unusual美人びじんbeautiful person (woman)日付ひづけdate, dating引越しひっこしmoving, changing residence必死ひっしdesperation, frantic, inevitable resultぴったりぴったりexactly, neatly, sharp引っ張るひっぱるto pull, to stretch, to drag否定ひていnegation, denialビデオビデオvideo tape一言ひとことone word人込みひとごみcrowd of people等しいひとしいequal独りひとりalone, unmarried一人一人ひとりひとりone by one, each批判ひはんcriticism批評ひひょうcriticism, review, commentary秘密ひみつsecret, secrecy微妙びみょうdelicate, subtle紐ひもstring, cord冷やすひやすto cool, to refrigerate費用ひようcost, expense表ひょうtable (e.g., Tab 1), chart, list秒びょうsecond (60th min)評価ひょうかassessment, evaluation表現ひょうげんexpression, presentation表情ひょうじょうfacial expression平等びょうどうequality, impartiality, evenness評判ひょうばんfame, reputation表面ひょうめんsurface, outside, face広がるひろがるto spread (out), to extend, to stretch, to reach to, to get around広げるひろげるto spread, to extend, to expand, to enlarge広めるひろめるto broaden, to propagate瓶びんbottle便びんway, meansピンピンpin不ふun(~), non(~), negative prefix分ぶdividing, part不安ふあんanxiety, uneasiness風景ふうけいscenery夫婦ふうふmarried couple, husband and wife笛ふえflute, whistle不可ふかwrong, bad, impossible深まるふかまるto deepen武器ぶきweapon, arms拭くふくto wipe, to dry服装ふくそうclothes, attire含むふくむto contain, to include含めるふくめるto include袋ふくろbag, sack不幸ふこうunhappiness, sorrow, misfortune節ふしtune, tone, knob無事ぶじsafety, peace不思議ふしぎmystery, curiosity不自由ふじゆうdiscomfort, disability, inconvenience夫人ふじんwife, Mrs, madam婦人ふじんwoman (same as 女性 (じょせい)、女の人 (おんなのひと))不正ふせいinjustice, unfairness防ぐふせぐto defend (against), to protect, to prevent不足ふそくinsufficiency, shortage舞台ぶたいstage (theater)双子ふたごtwins, a twin再びふたたびagain, once more, a second time普段ふだんin everyday situations, usually, ordinarily打つぶつto hit, to strike不通ふつうblockade, interruption, stoppage物価ぶっか(commodity/consumer) pricesぶつかるぶつかるto strike, to collide withぶつけるぶつけるto knock, to strike hard, to hit and attack物質ぶっしつmaterial, substance物理ぶつりphysics筆ふでwriting brushふとふとsuddenly, accidentally, incidentally部分ぶぶんportion, section, part不平ふへいcomplaint, discontent, dissatisfaction不満ふまんdissatisfaction, discontent, complaints増やすふやすto increase (v.t.), to add to殖やすふやすto increase, to add toプラスプラスplusプラスチックプラスチックplasticプランプランplan不利ふりdisadvantage, drawback振るふるto wave, to shake震えるふるえるto shiver, to shake, to quakeブレーキブレーキa brake触れるふれるto touch, to feel, to violateプロプロprofessional文ぶんsentence雰囲気ふんいきatmosphere (e.g., musical), mood, ambiance分析ぶんせきanalysis文明ぶんめいcivilization分野ぶんやfield, sphere塀へいwall, fence平均へいきんequilibrium, balance, average平和へいわpeace別にべつに(not) particularly, nothing減らすへらすto decrease, to diminish減るへるto decrease (in size or number), to diminishベルトベルトBelt for western clothes変化へんかchange, variation, shiftペンキペンキpaint変更へんこうchange, modification, alterationベンチベンチbench弁当べんとうbox lunch方ほうside法ほうAct (law: the X Act)棒ぼうpole, rod, stick冒険ぼうけんrisk, venture, adventure方向ほうこうdirection, course, way報告ほうこくreport, information宝石ほうせきgem, jewel包装ほうそうpacking, wrapping豊富ほうふabundance, plenty方法ほうほうmethod, means, technique訪問ほうもんcall, visit吠えるほえるto bark, to howlボーイボーイporterボートボートrowing boatホームホームplatformボールボールball誇りほこりpride埃ほこりdust保証ほしょうguarantee, assurance, warranty保存ほぞんpreservation, conservation歩道ほどうwalkway仏ほとけBuddha骨ほねbone炎ほのおflame頬ほほcheek (of face)ほぼほぼalmost, roughly微笑むほほえむto smile堀ほりmoat, canal濠ほりmoat本当ほんとtruth, reality本人ほんにんthe person himself本物ほんものgenuine articleぼんやりぼんやりdim, faint, vague間まspace, room, pauseまあまあwell (used when making a modest or hesitant statement)マーケットマーケットmarketマイクマイクmic迷子まいごlost (stray) childマイナスマイナスminus任せるまかせるto entrust to another, to leave to巻くまくto wind, to coil, to roll蒔くまくto sow (seeds)撒くまくto scatter, to sprinkle, to sow幕まくcurtain, act (in play)負けまけdefeat, loss孫まごgrandchildまさかまさかby no meansまさにまさにcorrectly, surely混ざるまざるto be mixed, to mingle with交ざるまざるto be mixed, to mingle with混じるまじるto be mixed, to mingle with交じるまじるto be mixed, to mingle with増すますto increase, to gain貧しいまずしいpoor, needyマスターマスターbar owner, master (e.g., arts, science)ますますますますincreasingly (same as もっと), more and more混ぜるまぜるto mix, to stir交ぜるまぜるto be mixed, to be blended with街まちtown間違いまちがいmistake松まつpine tree真っ赤まっかdeep red, flushed (of face)全くまったくreally, completely祭まつりfestival, feastまとまるまとまるto be collected, to be settled, to be in orderまとめるまとめるto put in order, to collect, to bring to a conclusion学ぶまなぶto learn真似まねmimicry, imitation, behavior招くまねくto inviteまぶしいまぶしいdazzling, radiant柵さくfence, paling裂けるさけるto split, to tear, to burst裁くさばくto judge酸化さんかoxidation死しdeath, decease資格しかくqualifications, requirements, capabilities視覚しかくsense of sight, vision指揮しきcommand, direction磁気じきmagnetism磁器じきporcelain, china自己じこself, oneself字体じたいfont, lettering辞退じたいrefusal視点してんopinion, point of view, visual point脂肪しぼうfat, grease志望しぼうwish, desire, ambition衆しゅうmasses, people住じゅうdwelling, living修飾しゅうしょくornamentation私用しようpersonal use, private business仕様しようway, method, specification情じょうfeelings, emotion, passion生涯しょうがいone's lifetime上司じょうしone's superior正体しょうたいnatural shape, one's true colors, true character照明しょうめいillumination女史じょしMs.助詞じょし(gram) particle(s), postpositionショックショックshock進行しんこうadvance新興しんこうrising, developing, emergent振興しんこうpromotion, encouragement申告しんこくreport, statement真理しんりtruth水洗すいせんflushingストレスストレスstress擦るするto rub, to chafe正規せいきregular, legitimate精巧せいこうelaborate, delicate, exquisite精算せいさんexact calculation, adjustment成年せいねんmajority, adult age声明せいめいdeclaration, statement, proclamation姓名せいめいfull name生理せいりphysiology, menses膳ぜん(small) table, tray, meal禅ぜんZen (Buddhism)選挙せんきょelection先行せんこうpreceding, going first選考せんこうselection, screening相そうaspect, phase, countenance沿うそうto run along, to follow添うそうto accompany, to comply with僧そうmonk, priest像ぞうstatue, image捜査そうさsearch (esp. in criminal investigations, investigation)操縦そうじゅうmanagement, control, manipulation創造そうぞうcreation隊たいparty, troops退学たいがくdropping out of schoolタイトルタイトルtitleダウンダウンdown高まるたかまるto rise断つたつto sever, to cut off盾たてshield例えたとえexampleチャイムチャイムchime挑戦ちょうせんchallenge, defiance治療ちりょうmedical treatment接ぐつぐto join継ぐつぐto succeed (someone in a business or inheritance摘むつむto pluck, to pick, to trim露つゆdew強まるつよまるto get strong, to gain strength強めるつよめるto strengthen, to emphasizeデータデータdataデザインデザインdesignデザートデザートdessert転校てんこうchange schools伝言でんごんverbal messageととand問うとうto ask, to question棟とうridge (of roof倒産とうさん(corporate) bankruptcy, insolvency同士どうしone another, companion, comrade同志どうしsame mind, comrade, kindred soul当然とうぜんobvious動揺どうようdisturbance, flutter shock説くとくto explain, to advocate綴じるとじるto bind, to file供ともaccompanying, attendant, companion, retinue並なみmedium (e.g., food serving size, quality, price, etc.), ordinary慣らすならすto accustom馴らすならすto domesticate, to tame難なんdifficulty, hardships, defect年鑑ねんかんyearbook脳のうbrain, memory臨むのぞむto look out on, to face, to attend (function)肺はいlung～敗はいcounter for loss, defeat映えるはえるto shine, to look attractive, to look pretty諮るはかるto consult with, to confer図るはかるto plot, to attempt, to devise, to design, to refer A to B生やすはやすto grow, to cultivate, to wear beard班はんgroup, party, section (mil)判はんsize (of paper or books)版はんedition碑ひstone monument bearing an inscription非行ひこうdelinquency, misconduct票ひょうlabel, ballot, sign広まるひろまるto spread, to be propagated深めるふかめるto deepen, to heighten, to intensify福ふくgood fortune振りふりstyle, manner経るへるto pass, to elapse, to experience保護ほごcare, protection, shelter保障ほしょうguarantee, security, warranty補償ほしょうcompensation, reparationほっとほっとfeel relieved前もってまえもってin advance, beforehand, previously膜まくmembrane, filmマスコミマスコミmass communication股またthigh, crotchマッサージマッサージmassage見掛けるみかけるto (happen to see), to notice, to catch sight of捲るめくるto turn over, to turn pages of a bookメッセージメッセージmessage野党やとうopposition party優ゆうsuperiority, high grade有機ゆうきorganic世よworld, society, generation良いよいgood, nice予想よそうexpectation, anticipation, prediction弱まるよわまるto weaken, to be emaciated, to be dejected弱めるよわめるto weakenラベルラベルlabelルールルールrule枠わくframe, slide
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